ArticleAnesthesiology2006
Preparation and anesthetic properties of propofol microemulsions in rats.
Article in Anesthesiology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Lipid-emulsion propofol less attenuates the regulation of body temperature than micro-emulsion propofol or sevoflurane in the elderly.Yonsei medical journal · 2012Trial
- Administration of lipid emulsion reduced the hypnotic potency of propofol more than that of thiamylal in mice.Experimental animals · 2023Article
- β1-Blocker improves survival and ventricular remodelling in rats with lethal crush injury.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2022Article
- Propofol emulsion-free drug concentration is similar between batches and stable over time.Romanian journal of anaesthesia and intensive care · 2016Article
- Development and evaluation of a novel microemulsion formulation of elacridar to improve its bioavailability.Journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2013Article
- Thromboelastographic and pharmacokinetic profiles of micro- and macro-emulsions of propofol in swine.Biopharmaceutics & drug disposition · 2010Article
- Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a new reformulated microemulsion and the long-chain triglyceride emulsion of propofol in beagle dogs.British journal of pharmacology · 2009Article
- Novel lipid and preservative-free propofol formulation: properties and pharmacodynamics.Pharmaceutical research · 2008Article
- Design and evaluation of microemulsions for improved parenteral delivery of propofol.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2008Article
- Anesthetic properties of a propofol microemulsion in dogs.Anesthesia and analgesia · 2006Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe lipophilicity of propofol has required dispersion in a soybean macroemulsion. The authors hypothesized that the anesthetic properties of propofol are preserved when reformulated as a transparent microemulsion rather than as a turbid macroemulsion and that the dose-response relation can be selectively modified by altering the microemulsion's surfactant type and concentration.
methodsMicroemulsions of propofol were formulated using purified poloxamer 188 (3%, 5%, 7%), and sodium salt of fatty acids (C(8), C(10), C(12)) in saline and characterized using ternary/binary diagrams, particle sizing, and stability upon dilution. Rats received propofol (10 mg . kg(-1) . min(-1)) as either a microemulsion or a conventional macroemulsion to determine these end points: induction (dose; stunned; loss of lash reflex, righting reflex, withdrawal to toe pinch) and recovery (recovery of lash, righting, withdrawal reflexes). After a 14-day recovery period, rats were crossed over into the opposite experimental limb.
resultsForty-eight microemulsions (diameter, 11.9-47.7 nm) were formulated. Longer carbon chain length led to a marked increase in the volume of diluent necessary to break these microemulsions. All rats experienced anesthetic induction with successful recovery, although significantly greater doses of propofol were required to induce anesthesia with microemulsions irrespective of surfactant concentration or type than with macroemulsions. The sodium salt of C10 fatty acid microemulsion required the greatest dose and longest time for anesthetic induction.
conclusionPropofol microemulsions cause induction in rats similar to that from macroemulsions. The surfactant concentration and type markedly affect the spontaneous destabilization and anesthetic properties of microemulsions, a phenomenon suggesting a mechanism whereby dose-response relation can be selectively modified.
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