Evidence map›Paper›PMID 16732018›Full record

Trial reportDiabetes care2006

Effect of calorie restriction with or without exercise on insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function, fat cell size, and ectopic lipid in overweight subjects.

D Enette Larson-Meyer, Leonie K Heilbronn, Leanne M Redman, Bradley R Newcomer, Madlyn I Frisard, Steve Anton, Steven R Smith, Anthony Alfonso, Eric Ravussin

Open access · bronzeAbstract readComparative StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetes care, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 234 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
234citing papers in PubMed, 11 pooled it
14.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

234 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 507 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Behavior change techniques in low-calorie and very low-calorie diet interventions for weight loss: A systematic review with meta-analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025
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  8. Intermittent fasting for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021
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174 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

D Enette Larson-MeyerPennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
Leonie K Heilbronn
Leanne M Redman
Bradley R Newcomer
Madlyn I Frisard
Steve Anton
Steven R Smith
Anthony Alfonso
Eric Ravussin
Pennington Biomedical Research Center · USUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham · US

Funding

Research BaseP30DK072476 · NIDDK · LSU PENNINGTON BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH CTR · PI Leanne Maree Redman · 2005 to 2026
$26.5M
Metabolic Adaptations to Two Year Caloric RestrictionU01AG020478 · NIA · LSU PENNINGTON BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH CTR · PI RAVUSSIN, ERIC · 2002 to 2008
$13.4M
Diet/Intramyocellular Lipid/Endurance PerformanceK01DK062018 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING · PI LARSON-MEYER, D ENETTE · 2003 to 2005
$271k
NIA NIH HHS U01 AG020478NIA NIH HHS U01 AG 20478NIDDK NIH HHS K01 DK 062018NIDDK NIH HHS K01 DK062018NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK072476
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe purpose of this article was to determine the relationships among total body fat, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), fat cell size (FCS), ectopic fat deposition in liver (intrahepatic lipid [IHL]) and muscle (intramyocellular lipid [IMCL]), and insulin sensitivity index (S(i)) in healthy overweight, glucose-tolerant subjects and the effects of calorie restriction by diet alone or in conjunction with exercise on these variables. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsForty-eight overweight volunteers were randomly assigned to four groups: control (100% of energy requirements), 25% calorie restriction (CR), 12.5% calorie restriction +12.5% energy expenditure through structured exercise (CREX), or 15% weight loss by a low-calorie diet followed by weight maintenance for 6 months (LCD). Weight, percent body fat, VAT, IMCL, IHL, FCS, and S(i) were assessed at baseline and month 6.

resultsAt baseline, FCS was related to VAT and IHL (P < 0.05) but not to IMCL. FCS was also the strongest determinant of S(i) (P < 0.01). Weight loss at month 6 was 1 +/- 1% (control, mean +/- SE), 10 +/- 1% (CR), 10 +/- 1% (CREX), and 14 +/- 1% (LCD). VAT, FCS, percent body fat, and IHL were reduced in the three intervention groups (P < 0.01), but IMCL was unchanged. S(i) was increased at month 6 (P = 0.05) in the CREX (37 +/- 18%) and LCD (70 +/- 34%) groups (P < 0.05) and tended to increase in the CR group (40 +/- 20%, P = 0.08). Together the improvements in S(i) were related to loss in weight, fat mass, and VAT, but not IHL, IMCL, or FCS.

conclusionsLarge adipocytes lead to lipid deposition in visceral and hepatic tissues, promoting insulin resistance. Calorie restriction by diet alone or with exercise reverses this trend.

Indexed as

Diet, ReducingExerciseOverweightAdipose TissueBasal MetabolismBody Mass IndexBody WeightCell SizeEnergy MetabolismHumansInsulinIslets of LangerhansLipidsVisceraInsulinLipids

Identifiers

PMID16732018
PMCPMC2677812
OpenAlexW2129345771

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.