ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2006
Mitochondrial genome of Trichoplax adhaerens supports placozoa as the basal lower metazoan phylum.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 94 papers.
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94 citing papers in PubMed, 256 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Morphological Characters Can Strongly Influence Early Animal Relationships Inferred from Phylogenomic Data Sets.Systematic biology · 2021Article
- Quantification and evolution of mitochondrial genome rearrangement in Amphibians.BMC ecology and evolution · 2021Article
- Mitochondrial Genome Evolution of Placozoans: Gene Rearrangements and Repeat Expansions.Genome biology and evolution · 2021Article
- Operationalizing evolutionary transitions in individuality.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2020Article
- Article
- "Dorsal-Ventral" Genes Are Part of an Ancient Axial Patterning System: Evidence from Trichoplax adhaerens (Placozoa).Molecular biology and evolution · 2019Article
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mitochondrial genomes of multicellular animals are typically 15- to 24-kb circular molecules that encode a nearly identical set of 12-14 proteins for oxidative phosphorylation and 24-25 structural RNAs (16S rRNA, 12S rRNA, and tRNAs). These genomes lack significant intragenic spacers and are generally without introns. Here, we report the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the placozoan Trichoplax adhaerens, a metazoan with the simplest known body plan of any animal, possessing no organs, no basal membrane, and only four different somatic cell types. Our analysis shows that the Trichoplax mitochondrion contains the largest known metazoan mtDNA genome at 43,079 bp, more than twice the size of the typical metazoan mtDNA. The mitochondrion's size is due to numerous intragenic spacers, several introns and ORFs of unknown function, and protein-coding regions that are generally larger than those found in other animals. Not only does the Trichoplax mtDNA have characteristics of the mitochondrial genomes of known metazoan outgroups, such as chytrid fungi and choanoflagellates, but, more importantly, it shares derived features unique to the Metazoa. Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial proteins provide strong support for the placement of the phylum Placozoa at the root of the Metazoa.
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