ReviewAdvances in immunology2006
Checkpoint blockade in cancer immunotherapy.
Review in Advances in immunology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 284 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
284 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Safety and efficacy of atezolizumab in the treatment of cancers: a systematic review and pooled-analysis.Drug design, development and therapy · 2019Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Ipilimumab retreatment in patients with pretreated advanced melanoma: the expanded access programme in Italy.British journal of cancer · 2014Trial
- Immune checkpoints and immunoregulation in metabolic diseases and cancers: pathological mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Reprogramming of the hepatic ubiquitin‑immune axis: A unifying mechanism in liver disease progression (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Enhancing soluble expression and purification of a bispecific scFv antibody inResearch in pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Article
- Review
- Advancements in the utilization of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of gynecological tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- From escort to target, the multidimensional roles and prospects of platelets in tumor immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Harnessing tumor immune checkpoints for autoimmune disease therapeutics.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Current and emerging therapies targeting cell surface antigens and epigenetics in extensive stage small cell lung cancer: primer for clinicians.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2026Review
- Research Progress of SBRT Combined With Immunotherapy in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer.American journal of clinical oncology · 2025Review
- The challenges and progress of CAR-T cell therapy in the treatment of solid tumors.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2025Review
- Common inherited loss-of-function mutations in the innate sensor NOD2 contribute to exceptional immune response to cancer immunotherapy.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Beneficial Probiotics with New Cancer Therapies for Improved Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Advances in bioengineered CAR T/NK cell therapy for glioblastoma: Overcoming immunosuppression and nanotechnology-based strategies for enhanced CAR T/NK cell therapy.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2025Review
- Empowering Natural Killer Cells to Combat Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Perspective on CAR-NK Cell Therapy.Transfusion medicine and hemotherapy : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhamatologie · 2025Review
- LAG-3-An incompletely understood target in cancer therapy.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2024Review
- TDO2 inhibition counters Benzo[a]pyrene-induced immune evasion and suppresses tumorigenesis in lung adenocarcinoma.Cancer & metabolism · 2024Article
224 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The progression of a productive immune response requires that a number of immunological checkpoints be passed. Passage may require the presence of excitatory costimulatory signals or the avoidance of negative or coinhibitory signals, which act to dampen or terminate immune activity. The immunoglobulin superfamily occupies a central importance in this coordination of immune responses, and the CD28/cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4):B7.1/B7.2 receptor/ligand grouping represents the archetypal example of these immune regulators. In part the role of these checkpoints is to guard against the possibility of unwanted and harmful self-directed activities. While this is a necessary function, aiding in the prevention of autoimmunity, it may act as a barrier to successful immunotherapies aimed at targeting malignant self-cells that largely display the same array of surface molecules as the cells from which they derive. Therapies aimed at overcoming these mechanisms of peripheral tolerance, in particular by blocking the inhibitory checkpoints, offer the potential to generate antitumor activity, either as monotherapies or in synergism with other therapies that directly or indirectly enhance presentation of tumor epitopes to the immune system. Such immunological molecular adjuvants are showing promise in early clinical trials. This review focuses on the results of the archetypal example of checkpoint blockade, anti-CTLA-4, in preclinical tumor models and clinical trials, while also highlighting other possible targets for immunological checkpoint blockade.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.