ReviewRespiratory physiology & neurobiology2006
Neurogenesis of cough, other airway defensive behaviors and breathing: A holarchical system?
Review in Respiratory physiology & neurobiology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sweet taste and menthol increase cough reflex thresholds.Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2012Trial
- The urge-to-cough and cough motor response modulation by the central effects of nicotine.Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2009Trial
- Hypoglossal motor output is altered by C4 epidural electrical stimulation via ascending spinal and peripheral feedback pathways.Journal of neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Modeling synaptic interactions between mammalian breathing and swallowing central pattern generators.Biological cybernetics · 2026Article
- Peripheral antitussives affect temporal features of tracheobronchial coughing in cats.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2025Article
- Brainstem opioid peptidergic neurons regulate cough reflexes in mice.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2024Article
- The role of neuronal excitation and inhibition in the pre-Bötzinger complex on the cough reflex in the cat.Journal of neurophysiology · 2022Article
- Neuronal mechanisms underlying opioid-induced respiratory depression: our current understanding.Journal of neurophysiology · 2021Review
- Intra-Arterial, but Not Intrathecal, Baclofen and Codeine Attenuates Cough in the Cat.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- Gender Difference in Chronic Cough: Are Women More Likely to Cough?Frontiers in physiology · 2021Review
- Cough Remedies for Children and Adolescents: Current and Future Perspectives.Paediatric drugs · 2020Article
- Female Guinea Pig Model for Cough Studies and Its Response to Most Common Tussive Substances.Physiological research · 2020Article
- Modulation of Cough Reflex by Gaba-Ergic Inhibition in Medullary Raphé of the Cat.Physiological research · 2020Article
- A spatially dynamic network underlies the generation of inspiratory behaviors.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- Opposing effects of bronchopulmonary C-fiber subtypes on cough in guinea pigs.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2018Article
- Central Respiration and Mechanical Ventilation in the Gating of Swallow With Breathing.Frontiers in physiology · 2018Article
- Role of the dorsomedial medulla in suppression of cough by codeine in cats.Respiratory physiology & neurobiology · 2017Article
- Microinjection of kynurenic acid in the rostral nucleus of the tractus solitarius disrupts spatiotemporal aspects of mechanically induced tracheobronchial cough.Journal of neurophysiology · 2017Article
- Lack of desensitization of the cough reflex in ovalbumin-sensitized rabbits during exercise.PloS one · 2017Article
- Reflex Cough and Disease Duration as Predictors of Swallowing Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease.Dysphagia · 2016Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cough and breathing are generated by a common muscular system. However, these two behaviors differ significantly in their mechanical features and regulation. The current conceptualization of the neurogenic mechanism for these behaviors holds that the multifunctional respiratory pattern generator undergoes reconfiguration to produce cough. Our previous results indicate the presence of a functional cough gate mechanism that controls the excitability of this airway defensive behavior, but is not involved in the regulation of breathing. We propose that the neurogenesis of cough, breathing, and other nonbreathing behaviors is controlled by a larger network, of which the respiratory pattern generator is part. This network we term a holarchical system. This system is governed by functional control elements known as holons, which confer unique regulatory features to each behavior. The cough gate is an example of such a holon. Neurons that participate in a cough holon may include behavior selective elements. That is, neurons that are either specifically recruited during cough and/or tonically-active neurons with little or no modulation during breathing but with significant alterations in discharge during coughing. We also propose that the holarchical system is responsible for the orderly expression of different airway defensive behaviors such that each motor task is executed in a temporally and mechanically discrete manner. We further propose that a holon controlling one airway defensive behavior can regulate the excitability of, and cooperate with, holons unique to other behaviors. As such, co-expression of multiple rhythmic behaviors such as cough and swallow can occur without compromising airway defense.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.