ReviewWorld journal of gastroenterology2006
Current and future applications of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy of the brain in hepatic encephalopathy.
Review in World journal of gastroenterology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-absorbable disaccharides versus placebo/no intervention and lactulose versus lactitol for the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Predictive value of matrix metalloproteinase-9 combined with magnetic resonance spectroscopy for delayed cerebral edema after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Hepatic encephalopathy.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2022Review
- Probiotics improve the neurometabolic profile of rats with chronic cholestatic liver disease.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Cerebral water content mapping in cirrhosis patients with and without manifest HE.Metabolic brain disease · 2019Article
- A longitudinal study of patients with cirrhosis treated with L-ornithine L-aspartate, examined with magnetization transfer, diffusion-weighted imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Metabolic brain disease · 2017Article
- Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in patients with cirrhosis: a cross-sectional study.Metabolic brain disease · 2016Article
- Early primary biliary cholangitis is characterised by brain abnormalities on cerebral magnetic resonance imaging.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2016Article
- Covert and Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy: Diagnosis and Management.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2015Review
- The why and wherefore of hepatic encephalopathy.International journal of general medicine · 2015Review
- Minimal hepatic encephalopathy in children with liver cirrhosis: diffusion-weighted MR imaging and proton MR spectroscopy of the brain.Neuroradiology · 2014Article
- Multimodality magnetic resonance imaging in hepatic encephalopathy: an update.World journal of gastroenterology · 2014Review
- Differential impact of hyponatremia and hepatic encephalopathy on health-related quality of life and brain metabolite abnormalities in cirrhosis.Journal of hepatology · 2013Article
- Ammonia toxicity to the brain.Journal of inherited metabolic disease · 2013Review
- Multimodality MR imaging findings of low-grade brain edema in hepatic encephalopathy.AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology · 2013Review
- Acute hepatic encephalopathy: diffusion-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery findings, and correlation with plasma ammonia level and clinical outcome.AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology · 2010Article
- The role of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in hepatic encephalopathy.Metabolic brain disease · 2010Review
- Voxel-based analyses of magnetization transfer imaging of the brain in hepatic encephalopathy.World journal of gastroenterology · 2009Article
- Ataxia and middle cerebellar peduncle lesions in hepatic encephalopathy.Neuroradiology · 2009Article
- High-dose glycine treatment of refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder and body dysmorphic disorder in a 5-year period.Neural plasticity · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common neuro-psychiatric abnormality, which complicates the course of patients with liver disease and results from hepatocellular failure and/or portosystemic shunting. The manifestations of HE are widely variable and involve a spectrum from mild subclinical disturbance to deep coma. Research interest has focused on the role of circulating gut-derived toxins, particularly ammonia, the development of brain swelling and changes in cerebral neurotransmitter systems that lead to global CNS depression and disordered function. Until recently the direct investigation of cerebral function has been difficult in man. However, new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques provide a non-invasive means of assessment of changes in brain volume (coregistered MRI) and impaired brain function (fMRI), while proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) detects changes in brain biochemistry, including direct measurement of cerebral osmolytes, such as myoinositol, glutamate and glutamine which govern processes intrinsic to cellular homeostasis, including the accumulation of intracellular water. The concentrations of these intracellular osmolytes alter with hyperammonaemia. MRS-detected metabolite abnormalities correlate with the severity of neuropsychiatric impairment and since MR spectra return towards normal after treatment, the technique may be of use in objective patient monitoring and in assessing the effectiveness of various treatment regimens.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.