ArticlePharmaceutical research2006
Nasal immunization with anthrax protective antigen protein adjuvanted with polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid induced strong mucosal and systemic immunities.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Real-world analysis of depression-related adverse events associated with the adsorbed anthrax vaccine: integrating pharmacovigilance signals, machine learning risk prediction, and transcriptomic mechanisms.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2026Article
- An innovative nasal nanovaccine against SARS-CoV-2 induces systemic and upper airway immunity controlling viral replication.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Review
- Recent advances in respiratory immunization: A focus on COVID-19 vaccines.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2023Review
- Role of site-directed mutagenesis and adjuvants in the stability and potency of anthrax protective antigen.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2022Review
- Aerosolized Intratracheal Inoculation of Recombinant Protective Antigen (rPA) Vaccine Provides Protection Against Inhalational Anthrax in B10.D2-HcFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Trimethyl Chitosan Nanoparticles Encapsulated Protective Antigen Protects the Mice Against Anthrax.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Adjuvant-Loaded Spiky Gold Nanoparticles for Activation of Innate Immune Cells.Cellular and molecular bioengineering · 2017Article
- Porcine Dendritic Cells as an In Vitro Model to Assess the Immunological Behaviour of Streptococcus suis Subunit Vaccine Formulations and the Polarizing Effect of Adjuvants.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Article
- Chitosan-Poly (I:C)-PADRE Based Nanoparticles as Delivery Vehicles for Synthetic Peptide Vaccines.Vaccines · 2015Article
- Advax-adjuvanted recombinant protective antigen provides protection against inhalational anthrax that is further enhanced by addition of murabutide adjuvant.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2014Article
- Liposome-antigen-nucleic acid complexes protect mice from lethal challenge with western and eastern equine encephalitis viruses.Journal of virology · 2014Article
- Microneedle-mediated transcutaneous immunization with plasmid DNA coated on cationic PLGA nanoparticles.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2012Article
- Negatively charged liposomes show potent adjuvant activity when simply admixed with protein antigens.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2011Article
- PIKA provides an adjuvant effect to induce strong mucosal and systemic humoral immunity against SARS-CoV.Virologica Sinica · 2011Article
- Anthrax vaccination strategies.Molecular aspects of medicine · 2009Review
- Investigation of new dominant-negative inhibitors of anthrax protective antigen mutants for use in therapy and vaccination.Infection and immunity · 2009Article
- Article
- Innate sensors of influenza virus: clues to developing better intranasal vaccines.Expert review of vaccines · 2008Review
- A single immunization with a dry powder anthrax vaccine protects rabbits against lethal aerosol challenge.Vaccine · 2008Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe current anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) was originally licensed for the prevention of cutaneous anthrax infection. It has many drawbacks, including the requirement for multiple injections and subsequent annual boosters. Thus, an easily administrable and efficacious anthrax vaccine is needed to prevent the most lethal form of anthrax infection, inhalation anthrax. We propose to develop a nasal anthrax vaccine using anthrax protective antigen (PA) protein as the antigen and synthetic double-stranded RNA in the form of polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (pI:C) as an adjuvant.
methodsMice were nasally immunized with recombinant PA admixed with pI:C. The resulting PA-specific antibody responses and the lethal toxin neutralization activity were measured. Moreover, the effect of pI:C on dendritic cells (DCs) was evaluated both in vivo and in vitro.
resultsMice nasally immunized with rPA adjuvanted with pI:C developed strong systemic and mucosal anti-PA responses with lethal toxin neutralization activity. These immune responses compared favorably to that induced by nasal immunization with rPA adjuvanted with cholera toxin. Poly(I:C) enhanced the proportion of DCs in local draining lymph nodes and stimulated DC maturation.
conclusionsThis pI:C-adjuvanted rPA vaccine has the potential to be developed into an efficacious nasal anthrax vaccine.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.