Trial reportJournal of neuro-oncology2006
Technical hurdles in a pilot clinical trial of combined B7-2 and GM-CSF immunogene therapy for glioblastomas and melanomas.
Trial report in Journal of neuro-oncology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glioblastoma Therapy: Past, Present and Future.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Cell-based immunotherapy of glioblastoma multiforme.Oncology letters · 2022Review
- Glioblastoma vaccine tumor therapy research progress.Chinese neurosurgical journal · 2022Review
- Article
- Immunotherapy for primary brain tumors: no longer a matter of privilege.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2014Review
- Clinical trials in neurosurgical oncology.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2014Review
- Reciprocal Supportive Interplay between Glioblastoma and Tumor-Associated Macrophages.Cancers · 2014Article
- Article
- Cellular-based immunotherapies for patients with glioblastoma multiforme.Clinical & developmental immunology · 2012Review
- Cytokine networks in glioma.Neurosurgical review · 2011Review
- Normal human monocytes exposed to glioma cells acquire myeloid-derived suppressor cell-like properties.Neuro-oncology · 2010Article
- Overview of cellular immunotherapy for patients with glioblastoma.Clinical & developmental immunology · 2010Review
- Flow cytometry and in vitro analysis of human glioma-associated macrophages. Laboratory investigation.Journal of neurosurgery · 2009Article
- Molecular strategies for the treatment of malignant glioma--genes, viruses, and vaccines.Neurosurgical review · 2008Review
- Recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) with inserted gene coding for GM-CSF as a new vector for cancer immunogene therapy.Gene therapy · 2007Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveMalignant glioblastomas and melanomas continue to have a dismal prognosis despite advances in conventional therapy. This has led to investigations of novel treatment strategies including immunogene therapy. We report a pilot clinical trial of combined B7-2 and GM-CSF immunogene therapy for gliomas and melanomas and discuss technical hurdles encountered.
methodsPatients with recurrent malignant gliomas or medically refractory melanomas were vaccinated with irradiated autologous tumor cells transduced with B7-2 and GM-CSF genes using a retroviral vector. Patients were monitored for toxicity, inflammatory/immune reactions, and clinical status.
resultsVaccine preparation was attempted from 116 malignant glioma and 32 melanoma specimens. Adequate vaccines could only be prepared for five glioblastoma and three melanoma patients. Six patients (three recurrent glioblastomas and three melanomas) were actually vaccinated. Minor toxicities included flu-like symptoms (3/6), injection site erythema (4/6), and asymptomatic elevations in liver enzymes (3/6). Most patients showed evidence of an inflammatory response but specific anti-tumor immunity was not demonstrated. All six patients have died, although three patients with minimal residual disease at treatment had prolonged recurrence-free intervals after vaccination.
conclusionsCombined B7-2 and GM-CSF immunogene therapy for glioblastomas and melanomas using autologous tumor cells has many technical pitfalls hindering large scale application and evaluation. As a result, this pilot study was too limited to draw meaningful conclusions regarding safety or anti-tumor immunity. While immunotherapy has been promising in pre-clinical studies, alternate strategies will be required to bring these benefits to patients.
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