ArticleInfection and immunity2006
Involvement of gonadal steroids and gamma interferon in sex differences in response to blood-stage malaria infection.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 121 citations in OpenAlex.
- Overall and Gender-Specific Effects of Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria with Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapies among Schoolchildren in Mali: A Three-Group Open Label Randomized Controlled Trial.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2022Trial
- Testosterone Regulates Sex-Dependent Immune Responses and Androgen Receptor Expression DuringInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Sex in Immune Cells and Parasitic Diseases - A Complex Relationship.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Computational tracking of cell origins using CellSexID from single-cell transcriptomes.Cell reports methods · 2025Article
- Androgens inhibit protective CD8Nature communications · 2025Article
- Testosterone Modulates Oxidative Stress in a Sexually Dimorphic Manner in CBA/Ca Mice Infected withInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Mapping genomic regions affecting sensitivity to bovine respiratory disease on chromosome X using selective DNA pooling.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Immunomodulatory Role of Estrogen in Malaria: A Review of Sex Differences and Therapeutic Implications.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Review
- Prevalence and factors associated with Babesia bigemina infection in Crioula Lageana cattle breed.Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinaria = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Orgao Oficial do Colegio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinaria · 2025Article
- Sex differences in features of atherosclerotic plaques as revealed by various imaging techniques: historical review.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Review
- Hormones in malaria infection: influence on disease severity, host physiology, and therapeutic opportunities.Bioscience reports · 2024Review
- Synergistic blockade of TIGIT and PD-L1 increases type-1 inflammation and improves parasite control during murine blood-stageInfection and immunity · 2024Article
- Immune dynamics throughout life in relation to sex hormones and perspectives gained from gender-affirming hormone therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- IL-17 signalling is critical for controlling subcutaneous adipose tissue dynamics and parasite burden during chronic murine Trypanosoma brucei infection.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Schoolchildren with asymptomatic malaria are potential hotspot for malaria reservoir in Ethiopia: implications for malaria control and elimination efforts.Malaria journal · 2023Article
- Cellular iron governs the host response to malaria.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- DHEA Induces Sex-Associated Differential Patterns in Cytokine and Antibody Levels in Mice Infected withInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Sex-Linked Differences in Malaria Risk Across the Lifespan.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2023Review
- Immunomodulatory effects of testosterone and letrozole duringFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To examine the hormonal and immunological mechanisms that mediate sex differences in susceptibility to malaria infection, intact and gonadectomized (gdx) C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with Plasmodium chabaudi AS-infected erythrocytes, and the responses to infection were monitored. In addition to reduced mortality, intact females recovered from infection-induced weigh loss and anemia faster than intact males. Expression microarrays and real-time reverse transcription-PCR revealed that gonadally intact females exhibited higher expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-15Ralpha, IL-12Rbeta, Gadd45gamma, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), CCL3, CXCL10, CCR5, and several IFN-inducible genes in white blood cells and produced more IFN-gamma than did intact males and gdx females, with these differences being most pronounced during peak parasitemia. Intact females also had higher anti-P. chabaudi immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgG1 responses than either intact males or gdx females. To further examine the effector mechanisms mediating sex differences in response to P. chabaudi infection, responses to infection were compared among male and female wild-type (WT), T-cell-deficient (TCRbetadelta-/-), B-cell-deficient (microMT), combined T- and B-cell-deficient (RAG1), and IFN-gamma knockout (IFN-gamma-/-) mice. Males were 3.5 times more likely to die from malaria infection than females, with these differences being most pronounced among TCRbetadelta-/-, microMT, and RAG1 mice. Male mice also exhibited more severe weight loss, anemia, and hypothermia, and higher peak parasitemia than females during infection, with WT, RAG1, TCRbetadelta-/-, and microMT mice exhibiting the most pronounced sexual dimorphism. The absence of IFN-gamma reduced the sex difference in mortality and was more detrimental to females than males. These data suggest that differential transcription and translation of IFN-gamma, that is influenced by estrogens, may mediate sex differences in response to malaria.
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