ArticleJournal of virology2006
Lipid-mediated introduction of hepatitis B virus capsids into nonsusceptible cells allows highly efficient replication and facilitates the study of early infection events.
Article in Journal of virology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Orthogonal CRISPR screens and human liver chimeric mice identify hepatitis B virus host factors.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- HBV-encoded circRNA-5 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by regulating the miR-9-3p/Hippo signaling axis.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- The Evolution of Cell Culture Systems to Study Hepatitis B Virus Pathogenesis and Antiviral Susceptibility.Viruses · 2025Review
- Hepatitis B and D virus entry.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- HBV cccDNA: The Molecular Reservoir of Hepatitis B Persistence and Challenges to Achieve Viral Eradication.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Virus-host interaction mechanisms in interferon therapy for hepatitis B virus infection: recent advances.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- HBc: the multifunctional architect of HBV replication, immune evasion, and therapeutic innovation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Hepatitis B virus entry, assembly, and egress.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024Review
- Roles Played by DOCK11, a Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor, in HBV Entry and Persistence in Hepatocytes.Viruses · 2024Review
- mTOR Signaling: Roles in Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Hepatocellular Carcinoma.International journal of biological sciences · 2024Review
- Recent Advances in the Development of Sulfamoyl-Based Hepatitis B Virus Nucleocapsid Assembly Modulators.Viruses · 2023Review
- Cell Culture Systems for Studying Hepatitis B and Hepatitis D Virus Infections.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Hepatitis B Virus Capsid: The Core in Productive Entry and Covalently Closed Circular DNA Formation.Viruses · 2023Review
- Pathogenicity and virulence of Hepatitis B virus.Virulence · 2022Review
- Role of hepatitis B virus in development of hepatocellular carcinoma: Focus on covalently closed circular DNA.World journal of hepatology · 2022Review
- Review
- Multiple Regions Drive Hepatitis Delta Virus Proliferation and Are Therapeutic Targets.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Repurposing Cardiac Glycosides: Drugs for Heart Failure Surmounting Viruses.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Treatments for HBV: A Glimpse into the Future.Viruses · 2021Review
- Hepatitis B Virus DNA Integration, Chronic Infections and Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Microorganisms · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an enveloped DNA virus which is highly infectious in vivo. In vitro, only primary hepatocytes of humans and Tupaia belangeri or the novel HepaRG cell line are susceptible to HBV, but infection is inefficient and study of early infection events in single cells is unsatisfactory. Since hepatoma cells replicate the virus efficiently after transfection, this limited infection efficiency must be related to the initial entry phase. Here, we describe the lipid-based delivery of HBV capsids into nonsusceptible cells, circumventing the natural entry pathway. Successful infection was monitored by observing the emergence of the nuclear viral covalently closed circular DNA and the production of progeny virus and subviral particles. Lipid-mediated transfer initiated productive infection that was at least 100-fold more effective than infection of permissive cell cultures. High-dose capsid transfer showed that the uptake was not receptor limited and allowed the intracellular transport of capsids and genomes to be examined microscopically. The addition of inhibitors confirmed an entry pathway by fusion of the lipid with the plasma membrane. By indirect immune fluorescence and native fluorescence in situ hybridization, we followed the pathway of capsids and viral genomes in individual cells. We observed an active microtubule-dependent capsid transfer to the nucleus and a subsequent release of the viral genomes exclusively into the karyoplasm. Lipid-mediated transfer of viral capsids thus appears to allow efficient introduction of genetic information into target cells, facilitating studies of early infection events which are otherwise impeded by the small number of viruses entering the cell.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.