ArticlePhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2006
Immunological dysfunction, vaccination and Gulf War illness.
Article in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- A comparison of sex-specific immune signatures in Gulf War illness and chronic fatigue syndrome.BMC immunology · 2013Trial
- Anthrax Vaccines in the 21st Century.Vaccines · 2024Review
- A review of chemical warfare agents linked to respiratory and neurological effects experienced in Gulf War Illness.Inhalation toxicology · 2022Review
- Article
- Crystalline and Amorphous Preparation of Aluminum Hydroxide Nanoparticles Enhances Protective Antigen Domain 4 Specific Immunogenicity and Provides Protection Against Anthrax.International journal of nanomedicine · 2020Article
- Metabolic features of Gulf War illness.PloS one · 2019Article
- Evidence for abnormal cytokine expression in Gulf War Illness: A preliminary analysis of daily immune monitoring data.BMC immunology · 2015Article
- A Chronic Longitudinal Characterization of Neurobehavioral and Neuropathological Cognitive Impairment in a Mouse Model of Gulf War Agent Exposure.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2015Article
- Impaired immune function in Gulf War Illness.BMC medical genomics · 2009Article
- A histomorphometric analysis of synovial biopsies from individuals with Gulf War Veterans' Illness and joint pain compared to normal and osteoarthritis synovium.Clinical rheumatology · 2008Article
- The long-term hospitalization experience following military service in the 1991 Gulf War among veterans remaining on active duty, 1994-2004.BMC public health · 2008Article
- Toxicological assessments of Gulf War veterans.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2006Review
- Reflections on Gulf War illness.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2006Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
One candidate cause of Gulf War illness is vaccination against infectious diseases including medical counter-measures against biological weapons. One influential theory has suggested that such mass-vaccination caused a shift in immune response to a Type 2 cytokine pattern (Th2), which it was suggested was accompanied by a chronic fatigue syndrome-like illness. This article critically appraises this theory. We start by examining epidemiological evidence, which indicates that single vaccines are unlikely to be a substantial cause of Gulf War illness, but that there was a modest relationship with multiple vaccines, which was strongest in those vaccinated while deployed to the Gulf. These relationships may be affected by recall bias. We conclude by examining the results of immunological studies carried out in veterans or in a relevant setting in vitro. The balance of evidence from immunological studies on veterans returning from the War, including those developing multi-symptom illness, is that the immune response has not become polarized towards Th2. In summary, the epidemiological evidence for a multiple vaccine effect on Gulf War-related illness remains a potentially important aetiological lead, but mechanistic studies available at this stage do not identify any immunological basis for it.
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