ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2006
Reprogramming of CTLs into natural killer-like cells in celiac disease.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 141 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
141 citing papers in PubMed, 304 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phenotypic shift of small intestinal intra-epithelial type 1 innate lymphoid cells in celiac disease is associated with enhanced cytotoxic potential.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2020Trial
- Dietary gluten triggers concomitant activation of CD4+ and CD8+ αβ T cells and γδ T cells in celiac disease.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2013Trial
- The NKp44-1 Isoform Is an Activating Receptor for PDGF-DD Expressed on Natural Killer Cells.Cancers · 2026Article
- T cell receptors for antigen on intraepithelial cytolytic T lymphocytes in celiac disease engage enterocyte HLA-E and HLA-B.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Immune cell dynamics and mechanisms of epithelial injury in celiac disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Gut mucosal immune responses - Implications for celiac disease and food allergy.Seminars in immunology · 2025Review
- Immune-epithelial-stromal networks define the cellular ecosystem of the small intestine in celiac disease.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- Ligands for Intestinal Intraepithelial T Lymphocytes in Health and Disease.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Celiac Disease: A Transitional Point of View.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Coeliac disease as a model for understanding multiple sclerosis.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2024Review
- Article
- NK-like CD8 T cell: one potential evolutionary continuum between adaptive memory and innate immunity.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2024Review
- Review
- Intraepithelial Lymphocytes of the Intestine.Annual review of immunology · 2024Review
- Non-Host Factors Influencing Onset and Severity of Celiac Disease.Gastroenterology · 2024Review
- New Insights on Genes, Gluten, and Immunopathogenesis of Celiac Disease.Gastroenterology · 2024Review
- Pathogenesis of Alopecia Areata and Vitiligo: Commonalities and Differences.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Intraepithelial Lymphogram in the Diagnosis of Celiac Disease in Adult Patients: A Validation Cohort.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Characterisation of T cell receptor repertoires in coeliac disease.Journal of clinical pathology · 2024Article
81 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Celiac disease is an intestinal inflammatory disorder induced by dietary gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. The mechanisms underlying the massive expansion of interferon gamma-producing intraepithelial cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and the destruction of the epithelial cells lining the small intestine of celiac patients have remained elusive. We report massive oligoclonal expansions of intraepithelial CTLs that exhibit a profound genetic reprogramming of natural killer (NK) functions. These CTLs aberrantly expressed cytolytic NK lineage receptors, such as NKG2C, NKp44, and NKp46, which associate with adaptor molecules bearing immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs and induce ZAP-70 phosphorylation, cytokine secretion, and proliferation independently of T cell receptor signaling. This NK transformation of CTLs may underlie both the self-perpetuating, gluten-independent tissue damage and the uncontrolled CTL expansion leading to malignant lymphomas in severe forms of celiac disease. Because similar changes were detected in a subset of CTLs from cytomegalovirus-seropositive patients, we suggest that a stepwise transformation of CTLs into NK-like cells may underlie immunopathology in various chronic infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.