ArticleMarine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)
Validation of reference genes for real-time polymerase chain reaction studies in Atlantic salmon.
Article in Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.
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53 citing papers in PubMed, 160 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of reference genes for gene expression analysis in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) under temperature stress.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid on innate immune responses in Atlantic salmon cells infected with infectious salmon anemia virus.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Effects of eicosapentaneoic acid on innate immune responses in an Atlantic salmon kidney cell line in vitro.PloS one · 2024Article
- Stability evaluation and validation of appropriate reference genes for real-time PCR expression analysis of immune genes in the rohu (Labeo rohita) skin following argulosis.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Screening and Stability Analysis of Reference Genes for Gene Expression Normalization in Hybrid Yellow Catfish (Aquaculture nutrition · 2023Article
- Identification of stable reference genes for quantitative gene expression analysis in the duodenum of meat-type ducks.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- The effect of different intensities of the ectoparasitic salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).Journal of fish diseases · 2022Article
- Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Infectivity Is Determined by Multiple Segments with an Important Contribution from Segment 5.Viruses · 2022Article
- Evaluation of qPCR reference genes for taimen (Hucho taimen) under heat stress.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Screening of reference genes in tiger puffer (Takifugu rubripes) across tissues and under different nutritional conditions.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2021Article
- Innate Immune Responses of Skin Mucosa in Common Carp (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2020Article
- Differential Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Krill Meal, Soybean Meal, Butyrate, and BactocellInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
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- Systematic identification and validation of the reference genes from 60 RNA-Seq libraries in the scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis.BMC genomics · 2019Article
- Dietary fatty acid source has little effect on the development of the immune system in the pyloric caeca of Atlantic salmon fry.Scientific reports · 2019Article
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- Evaluation of Reference Genes to Analyze Gene Expression in SilversideFrontiers in genetics · 2018Article
- Identification of housekeeping genes as references for quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis in Misgurnus anguillicaudatus.Journal of genetics · 2017Article
- Selection and evaluation of new reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis in Epinephelus akaara based on transcriptome data.PloS one · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Optimization of reference genes for real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies in fish is strongly needed. We systematically tested beta-actin (ACTB), 18S rRNA (18S), beta(2)-microglobulin (B2M), elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1A), RNA polymerase I and II (RPL1/2), and glycerol 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) for stability in salmon immune relevant tissues and kidney cells (ASK) infected with infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV), plus in tissues from fish fed thia fatty acids. Transcription of all genes was unchanged in infected and thia fatty acid-treated tissues versus normal tissues. Between tissues, 18S and EF1A were most stable, RPL1 and RPL2 were intermediate, and G6PDH and ACTB and B2M were the least stable. However, only 18S had constant expression in infected cells; the rest significantly down-regulated. Implications of this finding were demonstrated when normalizing major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression in ASK. Software predictions supported a proper normalization is obtained combining 18S, EF1A, and RPL1 in vivo, but for in vitro viral infection assays we recommend using 18S.
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