ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2006
The risk of infection from polychlorinated biphenyl exposure in the harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena): a case-control approach.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 146 citations in OpenAlex.
- Current species protection does not serve its porpoise-Knowledge gaps on the impact of pressures on the Critically Endangered Baltic Proper harbour porpoise population, and future recommendations for its protection.Ecology and evolution · 2024Review
- Spatiotemporal Trends Spanning Three Decades Show Toxic Levels of Chemical Contaminants in Marine Mammals.Environmental science & technology · 2023Article
- Tattoo Skin Disease in Cetacea: A Review, with New Cases for the Northeast Pacific.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Review
- Maternal Transfer and Long-Term Population Effects of PCBs in Baltic Grey Seals Using a New Toxicokinetic-Toxicodynamic Population Model.Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology · 2022Article
- Spatio-temporal analysis identifies marine mammal stranding hotspots along the Indian coastline.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Streptococcal Infections in Marine Mammals.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- Concentrations of organohalogens (PCBs, DDTs, PBDEs) in hunted and stranded Northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) in Alaska from 1992 to 2010: Links to pathology and feeding ecology.The Science of the total environment · 2019Article
- Clinical, pathological, and laboratory diagnoses of diseases of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena), live stranded on the Dutch and adjacent coasts from 2003 to 2016.Veterinary research · 2019Article
- Microplastics in marine mammals stranded around the British coast: ubiquitous but transitory?Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Health Assessments of Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Frontiers in veterinary science · 2019Review
- The environment as a driver of immune and endocrine responses in dolphins (Tursiops truncatus).PloS one · 2017Article
- Estrogenic evaluation and organochlorine identification in blubber of North Sea harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) stranded on the North Sea coast.BioMed research international · 2015Article
- The role of canine distemper virus and persistent organic pollutants in mortality patterns of Caspian seals (Pusa caspica).PloS one · 2014Article
- Molecular characterization of poxviruses associated with tattoo skin lesions in UK cetaceans.PloS one · 2013Article
- Anaemia, hypothyroidism and immune suppression associated with polychlorinated biphenyl exposure in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus).Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2012Article
- Effects of environmental change on wildlife health.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2009Review
- Plesiomonas shigelloides and Aeromonadaceae family pathogens isolated from marine mammals of Southern and Southeastern Brazilian coast.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2008Article
- Animal sentinels for environmental and public health.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether the risk of mortality from infectious disease in harbor porpoise in U.K. waters increased with high exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), using a case-control study design. This is the first time that data from a long-term marine mammal strandings scheme have been used to estimate any increase in risk. The exposure odds ratio (OR) from a logistic regression model with infectious disease deaths as cases and physical trauma deaths as controls, after controlling for the effect of confounding factors, was 1.048 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02-1.07]. To further adjust for the difference in energetic status between cases and controls and account for the negative relationship between PCBs (sum of 25 chlorobiphenyl congeners) and blubber mass, we also "standardized" the blubber PCBs to an optimal blubber mass. This lowered the OR to 1.02 (95% CI, 1.00-1.03). Thus, for each 1 mg/kg increase in blubber PCBs, the average increase in risk of infectious disease mortality was 2%. A doubling of risk occurred at approximately 45 mg/kg lipid. In this study, we have endeavored to avoid selection bias by using controls that died of physical trauma as representative of the exposure prevalence in the population that gave rise to the cases. In addition, we controlled for the effect of variation in energetic status among the cases and controls. However, as with case-control studies in human and veterinary epidemiology, unforeseen misclassification errors may result in biased risk estimates in either direction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.