ArticleJournal of biomedical optics
Photosensitizer delivery to vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque: comparison of macrophage-targeted conjugate versus free chlorin(e6).
Article in Journal of biomedical optics. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nanoparticles-based phototherapy systems: molecular mechanisms and clinical applications.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Chlorin e6: a promising photosensitizer of anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects in PDT.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Review
- Photodynamic Therapy for Atherosclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Atherosclerosis treatment with nanoagent: potential targets, stimulus signals and drug delivery mechanisms.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Review
- Chemiexcited Photodynamic Therapy Integrated in Polymeric Nanoparticles Capable of MRI Against Atherosclerosis.International journal of nanomedicine · 2022Article
- Tissue Engineering and Photodynamic Therapy: A New Frontier of Science for Clinical Application -An Up-To-Date Review.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Review
- Non-Oncologic Applications of Nanomedicine-Based Phototherapy.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- Intra-Arterial Drug and Light Delivery for Photodynamic Therapy Using Visudyne®: Implication for Atherosclerotic Plaque Treatment.Frontiers in physiology · 2016Article
- Nanotechnology for photodynamic therapy: a perspective from the Laboratory of Dr. Michael R. Hamblin in the Wellman Center for Photomedicine at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School.Nanotechnology reviews · 2015Article
- The impact of macrophage-cancer cell interaction on the efficacy of photodynamic therapy.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2015Article
- Impact of Hydroxychloroquine on Atherosclerosis and Vascular Stiffness in the Presence of Chronic Kidney Disease.PloS one · 2015Article
- ROS-responsive activatable photosensitizing agent for imaging and photodynamic therapy of activated macrophages.Theranostics · 2013Article
- Intravascular detection of inflamed atherosclerotic plaques using a fluorescent photosensitizer targeted to the scavenger receptor.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2008Article
- Optical molecular imaging in atherosclerosis.Journal of nuclear cardiology : official publication of the American Society of Nuclear CardiologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We have previously shown that a conjugate (MA-ce6) between maleylated serum albumin and the photosensitizer chlorin(e6) (ce6) is targeted in vitro to macrophages via class A scavenger receptors. We now report on the ability of this conjugate to localize in macrophage-rich atherosclerotic plaques in vivo. Both the conjugate and the free photosensitizer ce6 are studied after injection into New Zealand White rabbits that are rendered atherosclerotic by a combination of aortic endothelial injury and cholesterol feeding into normal rabbits. Rabbits are sacrificed at 6 and 24 h after injection and intravascular fluorescence spectroscopy is carried out by fiber-based fluorimetry in intact blood-filled arteries. Surface spectrofluorimetry of numbered excised aortic segments together with injured and normal iliac arteries is carried out, and quantified ce6 content by subsequent extraction and quantitative fluorescence determination of the arterial segments and also of nontarget organs. There is good agreement between the various techniques for quantifying ce6 localization, and high contrast between arteries from atherosclerotic and normal rabbits is obtained. Fluorescence correlates with the highest burden of plaque in the aorta and the injured iliac artery. The highest accumulation in plaques is obtained using MA-ce6 at 24 h. Free ce6 gives better accumulation at 6 h compared to 24 h. The liver, spleen, lung, and gall bladder have the highest uptake in nontarget organs. Macrophage-targeted photosensitizer conjugates may have applications in both detecting and treating inflamed vulnerable plaque.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.