ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2006
Inhibition of an equilibrative nucleoside transporter by cannabidiol: a mechanism of cannabinoid immunosuppression.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 218 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
218 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 486 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Recommendations of the DGRh Committee on Complementary Medicine and Nutrition on the application of selected phytotherapeutic drugs and herbal medicines in rheumatology].Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2025Guideline
- Cannabidiol in conjunction with clobazam: analysis of four randomized controlled trials.Acta neurologica Scandinavica · 2021Pooled it
- A Phase 1, Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Dose Escalation Study to Investigate the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Cannabidiol in Fed Healthy Volunteers.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2020Trial
- Long-term cannabidiol treatment in patients with Dravet syndrome: An open-label extension trial.Epilepsia · 2019Trial
- Dipyridamole augments the antiinflammatory response during human endotoxemia.Critical care (London, England) · 2011Trial
- Cannabidiol in Alzheimer's disease: evidence-weighted molecular mechanisms and translational challenges.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Reimagining Cannabidiol Delivery Through Carbon Nanodots.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Interactions of ACEA and WIN 55,212-2 mesylate with temozolomide and cisplatin in neuroblastoma and glioblastoma cell lines: an isobolographic analysis.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2026Article
- Differential Effects of Cannabidiol and Cannabigerol on Cognition, Neuroinflammation, and Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in a Rat Model of Iron Overload.Neurotoxicity research · 2026Article
- Calcium signaling in human and mouse microglia exhibit differential susceptibility to phytocannabinoids.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Mechanistic Pathways Linking Cannabidiol, Hemp Seed Oil and Black Sesame Oil in Hyperarousal Insomnia: A Narrative Review.Clocks & sleep · 2026Review
- Effect of cannabinol, tetrahydrocannabivarin and cannabidiol on voluntary alcohol consumption.Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) · 2026Article
- Sex and dose-dependent effects of cannabidiol on cocaine consumption in mice.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Update of the statement on safety of cannabidiol as a novel food.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026Article
- Cannabidiol-Ion Channel Interactions Represent a Promising Preventive and Therapeutic Strategy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2026Review
- Anti-seizure potential of J4, an equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 inhibitor, in a mouse model of tuberous sclerosis complex in response to pentylenetetrazol.Cell & bioscience · 2026Article
- Cannabidiol-Induced Tumor Cell Death: Molecular Mechanisms and Translational Perspectives in Cancer Therapy.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- The Pharmacological Profile of Plant-Derived Cannabinoids In Vitro.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2026Review
- Cannabinoid-based Pharmacology for the Management of Substance Use Disorders.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2026Review
- Cannabidiol does not cause DNA double-strand breaks in a human liver-derived cell model.Journal of cannabis research · 2025Article
158 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The plant-derived cannabinoids delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) both have immunosuppressive effects; although some effects of THC are mediated by the CB2 receptor, CB2 binds CBD weakly. In examining the effects of THC and CBD on microglial proliferation, we found that these compounds potently inhibit [3H]thymidine incorporation into a murine microglial cell line with no effect on cell cycle. Treatment with THC and CBD decreased [3H]thymidine uptake into microglia, with IC50 values that match inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA. CBD and, less potently, THC decreased uptake of [3H]adenosine to a similar extent as [3H]thymidine in both murine microglia and RAW264.7 macrophages. Binding studies confirm that CBD binds to the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 with a Ki < 250 nM. Because adenosine agonists have antiinflammatory effects, and because uptake of adenosine is a primary mechanism of terminating adenosine signaling, we tested the hypothesis that CBD is immunosuppressive because it enhances endogenous adenosine signaling. In vivo treatment with a low dose of CBD decreases TNFalpha production in lipopolysaccharide-treated mice; this effect is reversed with an A2A adenosine receptor antagonist and abolished in A2A receptor knockout mice. These studies demonstrate that CBD has the ability to enhance adenosine signaling through inhibition of uptake and provide a non-cannabinoid receptor mechanism by which CBD can decrease inflammation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.