ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2006
The pupal specifier broad directs progressive morphogenesis in a direct-developing insect.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 120 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in the study of juvenile hormone signaling.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Pooled it
- Evolution and Development of Insect Metamorphosis: A Case of Genetic Accommodation?Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2026Review
- Evolution of complete metamorphosis through temporal shifts in Chronologically inappropriate morphogenesis (Chinmo) and Broad.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
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- Molecular mechanisms underlying metamorphosis in the most-ancestral winged insect.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Apocrine secretion in the salivary glands ofFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Article
- Co-option of immune effectors by the hormonal signalling system triggering metamorphosis in Drosophila melanogaster.PLoS genetics · 2021Article
- Regulation of metamorphosis in neopteran insects is conserved in the paleopteranProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Characterization of E93 in neometabolous thrips Frankliniella occidentalis and Haplothrips brevitubus.PloS one · 2021Article
- Cell Cycle Progression Determines Wing Morph in the Polyphenic Insect Nilaparvata lugens.iScience · 2020Article
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- Where did the pupa come from? The timing of juvenile hormone signalling supports homology between stages of hemimetabolous and holometabolous insects.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2019Article
- The evolution of insect metamorphosis: a developmental and endocrine view.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2019Article
- Regulatory mechanisms underlying the specification of the pupal-homologous stage in a hemimetabolous insect.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2019Article
- Molecular evolutionary trends and feeding ecology diversification in the Hemiptera, anchored by the milkweed bug genome.Genome biology · 2019Article
- Pupal diapause termination in Bactrocera minax: an insight on 20-hydroxyecdysone induced phenotypic and genotypic expressions.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Krüppel homolog 1 and E93 mediate Juvenile hormone regulation of metamorphosis in the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius.Scientific reports · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A key regulatory gene in metamorphosing (holometabolous) insect life histories is the transcription factor broad (br), which specifies pupal development. To determine the role of br in a direct-developing (hemimetabolous) insect that lacks a pupal stage, we cloned br from the milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Of'br). We find that, unlike metamorphosing insects, in which br expression is restricted to the larval-pupal transition, Of'br mRNA is expressed during embryonic development and is maintained at each nymphal molt but then disappears at the molt to the adult. Induction of a supernumerary nymphal stage with a juvenile hormone (JH) mimic prevented the disappearance of br mRNA. In contrast, induction of a precocious adult molt by application of precocene II to third-stage nymphs caused a loss of br mRNA at the precocious adult molt. Thus, JH is necessary to maintain br expression during the nymphal stages. Injection of Of'br dsRNA into either early third- or fourth-stage nymphs caused a repetition of stage-specific pigmentation patterns and prevented the normal anisometric growth of the wing pads without affecting isometric growth or molting. Therefore, br is necessary for the mutable (heteromorphic) changes that occur during hemimetabolous development. Our results suggest that metamorphosis in insects arose as expression of br, which conveys competence for change, became restricted to one postembryonic instar. After this shift in br expression, the progressive changes that occur within the nymphal series in basal insects became compressed to the one short period of morphogenesis seen in the larva-to-pupa transition of holometabolous insects.
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