ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2006
Change in the synthesis rates of ocular retinoic acid and scleral glycosaminoglycan during experimentally altered eye growth in marmosets.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Genome-wide meta-analyses of multiancestry cohorts identify multiple new susceptibility loci for refractive error and myopia.Nature genetics · 2013Pooled it
- Potential Mutations in Chinese Pathologic Myopic Patients and Contributions to Phenotype.Current molecular medicine · 2018Trial
- Anatomical and Transcriptional Alterations in the Mouse Choroid Induced by All-Trans Retinoic Acid.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Examining murine eye length asymmetry with spectral domain optical coherence tomography.Experimental eye research · 2025Article
- Studies of All-trans Retinoic Acid Transport in the Eye.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Distinct Transcriptomic Profiles of Cultured Anterior and Posterior Populations of Human Infant Scleral Fibroblasts: Including Dopamine Receptors.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Modulation of All-Trans Retinoic Acid by Light and Dopamine in the Murine Eye.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Proteomic signatures of retinal pigment epithelium-derived exosomes in myopic and non-myopic tree shrew eyes.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Revealing regional variations in scleral shear modulus in a rabbit eye model using multi-directional ultrasound optical coherence elastography.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Parasympathetic and sympathetic control of emmetropization in chick.Experimental eye research · 2023Article
- Single Cell Transcriptomics Identifies Distinct Choroid Cell Populations Involved in Visually Guided Eye Growth.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Mice LackingInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Altered Structure and Function of Murine Sclera in Form-Deprivation Myopia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Article
- Screening for novel risk factors related to high myopia using machine learning.BMC ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Candidate pathways for retina to scleral signaling in refractive eye growth.Experimental eye research · 2022Review
- Scleral remodeling in myopia development.International journal of ophthalmology · 2022Review
- Functional integration of eye tissues and refractive eye development: Mechanisms and pathways.Experimental eye research · 2021Review
- Short Wavelength (Blue) Light Is Protective for Lens-Induced Myopia in Guinea Pigs Potentially Through a Retinoic Acid-Related Mechanism.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Article
- Retinoic acid synthesis by a population of choroidal stromal cells.Experimental eye research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the possibility that all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) in the eye is a signal related to changes in scleral extracellular matrix in a primate model of postnatal eye growth.
methodsJuvenile marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) were divided into two experimental groups based on their response to monocular deprivation with diffusers: group 1, treated eyes becoming longer than fellow control eyes (n = 8), and group 2, treated eyes becoming shorter than control eyes (n = 7). Eyes were enucleated, dissected, and assayed for changes in the rates of scleral glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis and ocular RA synthesis. The rate of incorporation of (35)SO4 into CPC-precipitable GAG in scleras was taken as a measure of the rate of synthesis of proteoglycans. In the same eyes the rate of RA synthesis in vivo was measured separately in the retina and the choroid/RPE (choroid with RPE attached) by HPLC. The effect of RA on the rate of scleral GAG synthesis was also examined in tissue-cultured pieces of sclera from additional marmosets.
resultsInduced changes in vitreous chamber length in diffuser-treated eyes correlated inversely with the rate of scleral GAG synthesis (P < 0.05) and directly correlated with the rate of RA synthesis measured separately in the retina (P < 0.05) and the choroid/RPE (P < 0.05). In group 1, the rate of scleral GAG synthesis was significantly lower (P < 0.01) in the treated eyes relative to control eyes, and the rate of RA synthesis in both the retina and the choroid/RPE was significantly higher (P < 0.01). In group 2, the rates of scleral GAG synthesis and RA synthesis in either the retina or choroid/RPE were not found to change significantly in the treated eyes compared with the control eyes. RA partially reduces the rate of scleral GAG synthesis in tissue-cultured primate sclera in a dose-dependent manner after several days.
conclusionsRA may play a role in the visual control of postnatal eye growth in primates, possibly by inducing changes in scleral extracellular matrix associated with increasing eye size. Decreasing growth rate below control levels may involve other mechanisms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.