ArticleEpidemiology and infection2006
Risk factors for Salmonella Enteritidis and Typhimurium (DT104 and non-DT104) infections in The Netherlands: predominant roles for raw eggs in Enteritidis and sandboxes in Typhimurium infections.
Article in Epidemiology and infection, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 185 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transmission pathways and risk factors for sporadic salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis: a source attribution meta-analysis of European case-control studies.Epidemiology and infection · 2025Pooled it
- A statistical modelling approach for source attribution meta-analysis of sporadic infection with foodborne pathogens.Zoonoses and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Guideline
- How effective is good domestic kitchen hygiene at reducing diarrhoeal disease in developed countries? A systematic review and reanalysis of the UK IID study.BMC public health · 2008Pooled it
- A Review of the Human Health Risks from Microbial Hazards in Recreational Beach Sand.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Review
- Application of a Quantitative Real-Time PCR Assay for Early Detection ofTransboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
- A Population-Based Study on the Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcome of Salmonella Bloodstream Infections in South Sweden 2012-2022.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2024Article
- Antibiotic-induced collateral damage to the microbiota and associated infections.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2023Review
- Proton pump inhibitor-induced gut dysbiosis and immunomodulation: current knowledge and potential restoration by probiotics.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2023Review
- Assessing potential determinants of the stagnating trend inOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
- Changing epidemiology ofEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2022Article
- Dietary Acrylamide Intake Alters Gut Microbiota in Mice and Increases Its Susceptibility toFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Occupations at risk of contracting zoonoses of public health significance in Québec.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2021Article
- A review of Listeria monocytogenes from meat and meat products: Epidemiology, virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance and diagnosis.The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research · 2020Review
- A One Health Perspective on the Human-Companion Animal Relationship with Emphasis on Zoonotic Aspects.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Review
- Variations in microbiota composition of laboratory mice influence Citrobacter rodentium infection via variable short-chain fatty acid production.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- Article
- The Phylogeny and Biological Function of Gastric Juice-Microbiological Consequences of Removing Gastric Acid.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Recovery of the Gut Microbiota after Antibiotics Depends on Host Diet, Community Context, and Environmental Reservoirs.Cell host & microbe · 2019Article
- Paediatric Salmonellosis-Differences between Tropical and Sub-Tropical Regions of Queensland, Australia.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2019Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Since 1996 Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 salmonellosis has increased in The Netherlands. This prompted a case-control study of risk factors for salmonellosis to inform transmission routes for this phage type. Cases were laboratory-confirmed patients with a Salmonella infection and controls were selected from population registries by frequency matching for age, sex, degree of urbanization and season. Cases and controls received a questionnaire on risk factors. Of the 1171 cases, 573 (49%) responded: 245 S. Enteritidis and 232 S. Typhimurium cases (both DT104 and non-DT104), of which 58 were DT104. Of the 10250 controls, 3409 (33%) responded. Use of H2 antagonists [odds ratio (OR) 4.4, 95% CI 1.6-12.2] and proton pump inhibitors (OR 4.2, 95% CI 2.2-7.9), consumption of raw eggs (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.3-7.4) and products containing raw eggs (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.0) were associated with endemic S. Enteritidis infection. Risk factors for endemic S. Typhimurium infection were use of proton pump inhibitors (OR 8.3, 95% CI 4.3-15.9), occupational exposure to raw meat (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.1-7.9), playing in a sandbox (for children aged 4-12 years) (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.6-3.7), consumption of undercooked meat (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1-4.1) and use of antibiotics (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.0-3.4). Use of proton pump inhibitors (OR 11.2, 95% CI 3.9-31.9) and playing in a sandbox (OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.8-10.7) were the only risk factors for S. Typhimurium DT104 salmonellosis. This study confirms known risk factors for salmonellosis. However, playing in a sandbox was a predominant new risk factor for S. Typhimurium salmonellosis in children [population attributable risk (PAR) 14%], and especially for S. Typhimurium DT104 (PAR 32%).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.