ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2006
DEMETER and REPRESSOR OF SILENCING 1 encode 5-methylcytosine DNA glycosylases.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 169 papers.
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169 citing papers in PubMed, 338 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gene regulatory mechanisms downstream of DNA methylation.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2026Review
- DNA methylation either antagonizes or promotes Polycomb recruitment at transposable elements in Arabidopsis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Occupancy-based mechanism is the chief mode of ROS1 function in preventing DNA hypermethylation.Nature plants · 2026Article
- Epigenetic control of seed development and dormancy in cereals.Plant signaling & behavior · 2025Review
- On the origin, evolution, and maintenance of RNA editing.Nucleic acids research · 2025Review
- The 5-methylcytosine DNA glycosylase ROS1 prevents paternal genome hypermethylation in Arabidopsis endosperm.Genome biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Molecular mechanisms and biological functions of active DNA demethylation in plants.Epigenetics & chromatin · 2025Review
- Epigenome Engineering Using dCas Systems for Biomedical Applications and Biotechnology: Current Achievements, Opportunities and Challenges.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Using targeted genome methylation for crop improvement.Journal of experimental botany · 2025Review
- Transgenerational Transmission of Epigenetic Marks During Reproduction inThe Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Control of DNA demethylation by superoxide anion in plant stem cells.Nature chemical biology · 2025Article
- Epigenetic gene regulation in plants and its potential applications in crop improvement.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2025Review
- Epigenetic regulation of organ-specific functions in Mikania micrantha and Mikania cordata: insights from DNA methylation and siRNA integration.BMC plant biology · 2024Article
- aChIP is an efficient and sensitive ChIP-seq technique for economically important plant organs.Nature plants · 2024Article
- Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Demethylases in Land Plants and Their Expression Pattern in Rice.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Chromatin dynamics and RNA metabolism are double-edged swords for the maintenance of plant genome integrity.Nature plants · 2024Review
- Recent Advances in Studies of Genomic DNA Methylation and Its Involvement in Regulating Drought Stress Response in Crops.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Functional identification of DNA demethylase geneFrontiers in plant science · 2024Article
109 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cytosine methylation is an epigenetic mark that promotes gene silencing and plays important roles in development and genome defense against transposons. Methylation patterns are established and maintained by DNA methyltransferases that catalyze transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to cytosine bases in DNA. Erasure of cytosine methylation occurs during development, but the enzymatic basis of active demethylation remains controversial. In Arabidopsis thaliana, DEMETER (DME) activates the maternal expression of two imprinted genes silenced by methylation, and REPRESSOR OF SILENCING 1 (ROS1) is required for release of transcriptional silencing of a hypermethylated transgene. DME and ROS1 encode two closely related DNA glycosylase domain proteins, but it is unknown whether they participate directly in a DNA demethylation process or counteract silencing through an indirect effect on chromatin structure. Here we show that DME and ROS1 catalyze the release of 5-methylcytosine (5-meC) from DNA by a glycosylase/lyase mechanism. Both enzymes also remove thymine, but not uracil, mismatched to guanine. DME and ROS1 show a preference for 5-meC over thymine in the symmetric dinucleotide CpG context, where most plant DNA methylation occurs. Nevertheless, they also have significant activity on both substrates at CpApG and asymmetric sequences, which are additional methylation targets in plant genomes. These findings suggest that a function of ROS1 and DME is to initiate erasure of 5-meC through a base excision repair process and provide strong biochemical evidence for the existence of an active DNA demethylation pathway in plants.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.