ReviewImmunological reviews2006
The plasticity of immunoglobulin gene systems in evolution.
Review in Immunological reviews, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evolutionary Comparative Analyses of DNA-Editing Enzymes of the Immune System: From 5-Dimensional Description of Protein Structures to Immunological Insights and Applications to Protein Engineering.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- IMGTNAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2025Article
- In situ profiling of plasma cell clonality with image-based single-cell transcriptomics.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Genomic view of the origins of cell-mediated immunity.Immunogenetics · 2023Article
- Tissue-specific proteasomes in generation of MHC class I peptides and CD8Current opinion in immunology · 2022Review
- The Evolution of Rag Gene Enhancers and Transcription Factor E and Id Proteins in the Adaptive Immune System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Diagnostic and therapeutic potential of shark variable new antigen receptor (VNAR) single domain antibody.International journal of biological macromolecules · 2020Review
- Immunoglobulin G structure and rheumatoid factor epitopes.PloS one · 2019Article
- Genomic organization and adaptive evolution of IGHC genes in marine mammals.Molecular immunology · 2018Article
- Diversity of Immunoglobulin (Ig) Isotypes and the Role of Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase (AID) in Fish.Molecular biotechnology · 2018Review
- Limited Innovations After More Than 65 Years of Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy: Potential of IgA- and IgM-Enriched Formulations to Prevent Bacterial Respiratory Tract Infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Diversity of Immunoglobulin Light Chain Genes in Non-Teleost Ray-Finned Fish Uncovers IgL Subdivision into Five Ancient Isotypes.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- MHC and adaptive immunity in teleost fishes.Immunogenetics · 2017Review
- Functional Versatility of AGY Serine Codons in Immunoglobulin Variable Region Genes.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Article
- Unique Features of Fish Immune Repertoires: Particularities of Adaptive Immunity Within the Largest Group of Vertebrates.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2015Review
- Article
- The structural analysis of shark IgNAR antibodies reveals evolutionary principles of immunoglobulins.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2014Article
- The biological significance of evolution in autoimmune phenomena.Autoimmune diseases · 2012Article
- Immunoglobulin heavy chains in medaka (Oryzias latipes).BMC evolutionary biology · 2011Article
- Factors important in evolutionary shaping of immunoglobulin gene loci.Immunome research · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The mechanism of recombination-activating gene (RAG)-mediated rearrangement exists in all jawed vertebrates, but the organization and structure of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes, as they differ in fish and among fish species, reveal their capability for rapid evolution. In systems where there can exist 100 Ig loci, exon restructuring and sequence changes of the constant regions led to divergence of effector functions. Recombination among these loci created hybrid genes, the strangest of which encode variable (V) regions that function as part of secreted molecules and, as the result of an ancient translocation, are also grafted onto the T-cell receptor. Genomic changes in V-gene structure, created by RAG recombinase acting on germline recombination signal sequences, led variously to the generation of fixed receptor specificities, pseudogene templates for gene conversion, and ultimately to Ig sequences that evolved away from Ig function. The presence of so many Ig loci in fishes raises interesting questions not only as to how their regulation is achieved but also how successive whole-locus duplications are accommodated by a system whose function in other vertebrates is based on clonal antigen receptor expression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.