ArticleOccupational and environmental medicine2006
Risk of affective and stress related disorders among employees in human service professions.
Article in Occupational and environmental medicine, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 175 citations in OpenAlex.
- Workplace violence and health in human service industries: a systematic review of prospective and longitudinal studies.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Psychological interventions to foster resilience in healthcare professionals.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Beyond silence: protocol for a randomized parallel-group trial comparing two approaches to workplace mental health education for healthcare employees.BMC medical education · 2015Trial
- The Mental Vitality @ Work study: design of a randomized controlled trial on the effect of a workers' health surveillance mental module for nurses and allied health professionals.BMC public health · 2011Trial
- Qigong stress reduction in hospital staff.Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.) · 2008Trial
- Mortality and comorbidities among teaching professionals: A cross-sectional study in Colombia.PloS one · 2026Article
- Exploring Emotions and Perceptions of Pediatric Nurses Regarding End-of-Life Care for Children.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Article
- Healthcare Occupations, Suicides, and Suicide Attempts: A Cohort Study Based on the Working Population in Sweden.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2025Article
- Occupational groups and risk of suicidal behavior in men: a Swedish national cohort study during 2002-2019.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Assessment of depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia among government school teachers in the rural catchment areas of Nandyal district: A cross-sectional study.Industrial psychiatry journal · 2024Article
- Anxiety and depression in healthcare workers are associated with work stress and poor work ability.AIMS public health · 2024Article
- Quality of Life Among Postgraduate Medical Residents in Oman: A Cross-sectional Survey.Oman medical journal · 2023Article
- Article
- Managers perception of hospital employees' effort-reward imbalance.Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England) · 2023Article
- Mental Health of Primary and Secondary School Teachers in the Remote Mountain Areas.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Prevalence and gender disparity of those who screen positive for depression in China by the classification of the employer and industry: a cross-sectional, population-based study.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Constructing and validating an occupational job strain index based on five Norwegian nationwide surveys of living conditions on work environment.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Industry-specific prevalence and gender disparity of common mental health problems in the UK: A national repetitive cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Teachers' Health: How General, Mental and Functional Health Indicators Compare to Other Employees? A Large French Population-Based Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Nursing Home Workers' Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in France.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo examine the risk of affective and stress related disorders among men and women employed in human service professions.
methodsPopulation based case-control study using data from national registers. Cases (n = 28 971) were identified in the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register among all hospitalised patients and outpatients aged 18-65 who received a first time ever diagnosis of affective (ICD-10, F30-39) or stress related (ICD-10, F40-48) disorder from 1 January 1995 to 31 December 1998. Each case was assigned five never admitted referents (n = 144 855) of the same gender and age, randomly drawn from a 5% sample of the Danish population obtained from Statistics Denmark's Integrated Database for Labour Market Research. Occupation held the year before matching was classified according to the Danish version of the International Classification of Occupation. Health care, education, social work, and customer services were defined as human service professions and constituted 21% of all employed in the study. Adjusted risks (hazard ratios) relative to all other occupations were calculated for 24 human service occupations.
resultsThe relative risk of depression in human service professions was 1.35 (95% CI 1.24 to 1.47) for women and 1.49 (95% CI 1.29 to 1.73) for men. The risk of stress was 1.18 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.26) for women and 1.49 (95% CI 1.32 to 1.67) for men. Specific professions contributed differentially to the magnitude of risk, with education and social services displaying the highest risks. No increase in risks was found in customer service occupations. Gender was a significant modifying factor with the highest risk levels in men.
conclusionsThere was a consistent association between employment in human service occupations and the risk of affective and stress related disorders. Risks were highest for men working in these typically female professions. More work is needed to distinguish work hazards from effects attributable to selection mechanisms and personality characteristics.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.