ArticleJournal of epidemiology and community health2006
Explaining the social gradient in coronary heart disease: comparing relative and absolute risk approaches.
Article in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 176 citations in OpenAlex.
- Examining subgroup effects by socioeconomic status of public health interventions targeting multiple risk behaviour in adolescence.BMC public health · 2018Pooled it
- Do population-based interventions widen or narrow socioeconomic inequalities? The case of breastfeeding promotion.International journal of epidemiology · 2014Trial
- Impact of selective evidence presentation on judgments of health inequality trends: an experimental study.PloS one · 2013Trial
- Causal mediation approaches for understanding pathways to inequalities and policy entry points: examples from early years health and development.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2026Article
- Observational
- Individual heterogeneity, educational attainment and cardiovascular mortality: a pooled analysis of Norwegian health surveys.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Observational
- Cardiovascular burden and unemployment: A retrospective study in a large population-based French cohort.PloS one · 2023Article
- Impact of neighbourhood-level socioeconomic status, traditional coronary risk factors, and ancestry on age at myocardial infarction onset: A population-based register study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2022Article
- Educational attainment and mortality in schizophrenia.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2022Article
- The Lifestyle Profile of Individuals with Cardiovascular and Endocrine Diseases in Cyprus: A Hierarchical, Classification Analysis.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Respective Mediating Effects of Social Position and Work Environment on the Incidence of Common Cardiovascular Risk Factors.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Article
- Challenges in identifying indigenous peoples in population oral health surveys: a commentary.BMC oral health · 2021Review
- Quantifying the impact of reducing socioeconomic inequalities in modifiable risk factors on mortality and mortality inequalities in South Korea.International journal of public health · 2019Article
- Perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms among US Latinos: the modifying role of educational attainment.Ethnicity & health · 2019Article
- Expression of Hcy and blood lipid levels in serum of CHD patients and analysis of risk factors for CHD.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2019Article
- Spanish Language Use Across Generations and Depressive Symptoms Among US Latinos.Child psychiatry and human development · 2019Article
- Who can tolerate a marginal kidney? Predicting survival after deceased donor kidney transplant by donor-recipient combination.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2019Article
- Stable socioeconomic inequalities in ischaemic heart disease mortality during the economic crisis: a time trend analysis in 2 Spanish settings.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2019Article
- Educational Mobility Across Generations and Depressive Symptoms Over 10 Years Among US Latinos.American journal of epidemiology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesThere are contradictory perspectives on the importance of conventional coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors in explaining population levels and social gradients in CHD. This study examined the contribution of conventional CHD risk factors (smoking, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and diabetes) to explaining population levels and to absolute and relative social inequalities in CHD. This was investigated in an entire population and by creating a low risk sub-population with no smoking, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, and hypertension to simulate what would happen to relative and social inequalities in CHD if conventional risk factors were removed. DESIGN, SETTING, AND
participantsPopulation based study of 2682 eastern Finnish men aged 42, 48, 54, 60 at baseline with 10.5 years average follow up of fatal (ICD9 codes 410-414) and non-fatal (MONICA criteria) CHD events. MAIN
resultsIn the whole population, 94.6% of events occurred among men exposed to at least one conventional risk factor, with a PAR of 68%. Adjustment for conventional risk factors reduced relative social inequality by 24%. However, in a low risk population free from conventional risk factors, absolute social inequality reduced by 72%.
conclusionsConventional risk factors explain the majority of absolute social inequality in CHD because conventional risk factors explain the vast majority of CHD cases in the population. However, the role of conventional risk factors in explaining relative social inequality was modest. This apparent paradox may arise in populations where inequalities in conventional risk factors between social groups are low, relative to the high levels of conventional risk factors within every social group. If the concern is to reduce the overall population health burden of CHD and the disproportionate population health burden associated with the social inequalities in CHD, then reducing conventional risk factors will do the job.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.