ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2006
A collagenous protective coat enables Metarhizium anisopliae to evade insect immune responses.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 121 papers.
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121 citing papers in PubMed, 316 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Immune surveillance on the insect body surface recognizes a pathogen-derived fungal protease to activate defenses.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Genome sequencing and functional annotation of Metarhizium anisopliae TNAU-MA-GDU: Insights into virulence mechanisms against Spodoptera frugiperda.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Drosophila host defense mechanisms against filamentous fungal pathogens with diverse lifestyles.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
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- Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate recent divergence of two gryllid-specific lineages within the generalist entomopathogenic fungusMycoscience · 2025Article
- Pathogen-specific social immunity is associated with erosion of individual immune function in an ant.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Histone deacetylase HDAC3 regulates ergosterol production for oxidative stress tolerance in the entomopathogenic and endophytic fungusmSystems · 2024Article
- An iron-binding protein of entomopathogenic fungus suppresses the proliferation of host symbiotic bacteria.Microbiome · 2024Article
- The secretory protein COA1 enables Metarhizium robertsii to evade insect immune recognition during cuticle penetration.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Advances in submerged liquid fermentation and formulation of entomopathogenic fungi.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Review
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- MaAzaR Influences Virulence ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
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61 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The ubiquitous fungal pathogen Metarhizium anisopliae kills a wide range of insects. Host hemocytes can recognize and ingest its conidia, but this capacity is lost on production of hyphal bodies. We show that the unusual ability of hyphal bodies to avoid detection depends on a gene (Mcl1) that is expressed within 20 min of the pathogen contacting hemolymph. A mutant disrupted in Mcl1 is rapidly attacked by hemocytes and shows a corresponding reduction of virulence to Manduca sexta. Mcl1 encodes a three domain protein comprising a hydrophilic, negatively charged N-terminal region with 14 cysteine residues, a central region comprising tandem repeats (GXY) characteristic of collagenous domains, and a C-terminal region that includes a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-dependent cell wall attachment site. Immunofluorescence assay showed that hyphal bodies are covered by the N-terminal domains of MCL1. The collagen domain became antibody accessible after treatment with DTT, suggesting that the N termini are linked by interchain disulfide bonds and are presented on the cell surface by extended collagenous fibers. Studies with staining reagents and hemocyte monolayers showed that MCL1 functions as an antiadhesive protective coat because it masks antigenic structural components of the cell wall such as beta-glucans, and because its hydrophilic negatively charged nature makes it unattractive to hemocytes. A survey of 54 fungal genomes revealed that seven other species have proteins with collagenous domains suggesting that MCL1 is a member of a patchily distributed gene family.
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