ArticleMenopause (New York, N.Y.)
Increased longevity in older users of postmenopausal estrogen therapy: the Leisure World Cohort Study.
Article in Menopause (New York, N.Y.). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Estrogen and progestogen use in postmenopausal women: July 2008 position statement of The North American Menopause Society.Menopause (New York, N.Y.)Guideline
- Endogenous and Exogenous Estrogen Exposures: How Women's Reproductive Health Can Drive Brain Aging and Inform Alzheimer's Prevention.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Review
- Ovarian steroid hormones: A long overlooked but critical contributor to brain aging and Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Review
- Association of Reproductive History With Brain MRI Biomarkers of Dementia Risk in Midlife.Neurology · 2021Article
- Postmenopausal hormone therapy: risks and benefits.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2013Review
- Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis homeostasis predicts longevity.Age (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2013Article
- Cognitive decline and dementia in the oldest-old.Rambam Maimonides medical journal · 2012Article
- Hormone treatment, estrogen receptor polymorphisms and mortality: a prospective cohort study.PloS one · 2012Article
- The oldest old and the 90+ Study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2008Review
- The Influence of Female Reproductive Factors on Longevity: A Systematized Narrative Review of Epidemiological Studies.Gerontology & geriatric medicineReview
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the effect of postmenopausal estrogen therapy (ET), including duration and recency of use, on all-cause mortality in older women.
designAs part of a prospective cohort study of residents of a California retirement community begun in the early 1980s, Leisure World Cohort women (median age, 73 y) completed a postal health survey including details on ET use and were followed up for 22 years (1981-2003). Age- and multivariate-adjusted risk ratios (RR) and 95% CIs were calculated using proportional hazard regression.
resultsOf the 8,801 women, 6,626 died during follow-up (median age, 88 y). ET users had an age-adjusted mortality rate of 52.9 per 1,000 person-years compared with 56.5 among lifetime nonusers (RR = 0.91; 95% CI, 0.87-0.96). Risk of death decreased with both increasing duration of ET and decreasing years since last use (P for trend <0.001). The risk was lowest among long-term (> or =15 y) users (RR = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74-0.93 for 15-19 y and RR = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.80-0.94 for 20+ y). For long-term users, the age-adjusted mortality rate was 50.4 per 1,000 person-years. Lower-dose users (< or =0.625 mg) had a slightly better survival rate than higher-dose users (RR = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.78-0.91 vs RR = 0.91; 95% CI, 0.83-0.97). Risk did not differ by route of administration (P = 0.56). Further adjustment for potential confounders had little effect on the observed RRs for ET.
conclusionLong-term ET is associated with lower all-cause mortality in older women.
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