ArticleVirology journal2006
Expression of HIV receptors, alternate receptors and co-receptors on tonsillar epithelium: implications for HIV binding and primary oral infection.
Article in Virology journal, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular Pathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Disease of Oropharyngeal Mucosal Epithelium.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- HIV-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 activation through mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling promotes HSV-1 cell-to-cell spread in oral epithelial cells.The Journal of general virology · 2018Article
- Article
- Are T cells the only HIV-1 reservoir?Retrovirology · 2016Review
- [Promotion of Porphyromonas gingivalis to viral disease].Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology · 2016Review
- Autonomous immunity in mucosal epithelial cells: fortifying the barrier against infection.Microbes and infection · 2016Review
- Periluminal Distribution of HIV-Binding Target Cells and Gp340 in the Oral, Cervical and Sigmoid/Rectal Mucosae: A Mapping Study.PloS one · 2015Article
- Article
- Human immunodeficiency virus and heparan sulfate: from attachment to entry inhibition.Frontiers in immunology · 2013Review
- The oral mucosa immune environment and oral transmission of HIV/SIV.Immunological reviews · 2013Review
- Potential mechanisms for increased HIV-1 transmission across the endocervical epithelium during C. trachomatis infection.Current HIV research · 2012Review
- Differential transmission of HIV traversing fetal oral/intestinal epithelia and adult oral epithelia.Journal of virology · 2012Article
- Immune approaches for the prevention of breast milk transmission of HIV-1.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2012Article
- Plausibility of HIV-1 Infection of Oral Mucosal Epithelial Cells.Advances in dental research · 2011Review
- HIV is inactivated after transepithelial migration via adult oral epithelial cells but not fetal epithelial cells.Virology · 2011Article
- Immune-based approaches to the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1: active and passive immunization.Clinics in perinatology · 2010Article
- Mucosal HIV transmission and vaccination strategies through oral compared with vaginal and rectal routes.Expert opinion on biological therapy · 2010Review
- Induction of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta1-dependent predominant Th17 differentiation by group A streptococcal infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2010Article
- The mouth: a gateway or a trap for HIV?AIDS (London, England) · 2010Review
- gp340 promotes transcytosis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in genital tract-derived cell lines and primary endocervical tissue.Journal of virology · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrimary HIV infection can develop from exposure to HIV in the oral cavity. In previous studies, we have documented rapid and extensive binding of HIV virions in seminal plasma to intact mucosal surfaces of the palatine tonsil and also found that virions readily penetrated beneath the tissue surfaces. As one approach to understand the molecular interactions that support HIV virion binding to human mucosal surfaces, we have examined the distribution of the primary HIV receptor CD4, the alternate HIV receptors heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HS) and galactosyl ceramide (GalCer) and the co-receptors CXCR4 and CCR5 in palatine tonsil.
resultsOnly HS was widely expressed on the surface of stratified squamous epithelium. In contrast, HS, GalCer, CXCR4 and CCR5 were all expressed on the reticulated epithelium lining the tonsillar crypts. We have observed extensive variability, both across tissue sections from any tonsil and between tonsils, in the distribution of epithelial cells expressing either CXCR4 or CCR5 in the basal and suprabasal layers of stratified epithelium. The general expression patterns of CXCR4, CCR5 and HS were similar in palatine tonsil from children and adults (age range 3-20). We have also noted the presence of small clusters of lymphocytes, including CD4+ T cells within stratified epithelium and located precisely at the mucosal surfaces. CD4+ T cells in these locations would be immediately accessible to HIV virions.
conclusionIn total, the likelihood of oral HIV transmission will be determined by macro and micro tissue architecture, cell surface expression patterns of key molecules that may bind HIV and the specific properties of the infectious inoculum.
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