ArticleLearning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)
The cerebellum in maintenance of a motor skill: a hierarchy of brain and spinal cord plasticity underlies H-reflex conditioning.
Article in Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuroplasticity in Spinal Circuits Mediated by Sexual Experience and Cerebellar Lobules.NeuroSci · 2026Article
- Relationship Between Spinal Reflexes and Spastic Movement Disorders.Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America · 2026Review
- Effects of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation on the excitability of spinal motor neurons and vestibulospinal tract in healthy individuals.Experimental brain research · 2024Article
- A Novel Paired Somatosensory-Cerebellar Stimulation Induces Plasticity on Cerebellar-Brain Connectivity.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2024Article
- Heksor: the central nervous system substrate of an adaptive behaviour.The Journal of physiology · 2022Article
- Operant down-conditioning of the soleus H-reflex in people after stroke.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2022Article
- Targeting Sensory and Motor Integration for Recovery of Movement After CNS Injury.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Review
- Myotonic dystrophy type 1 alters muscle twitch properties, spinal reflexes, and perturbation-induced trans-cortical reflexes.Muscle & nerve · 2020Article
- Operant conditioning of the tibialis anterior motor evoked potential in people with and without chronic incomplete spinal cord injury.Journal of neurophysiology · 2018Article
- The negotiated equilibrium model of spinal cord function.The Journal of physiology · 2018Review
- Retraining Reflexes: Clinical Translation of Spinal Reflex Operant Conditioning.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2018Review
- Acquisition, Maintenance, and Therapeutic Use of a Simple Motor Skill.Current opinion in behavioral sciences · 2018Article
- Consensus Paper: Towards a Systems-Level View of Cerebellar Function: the Interplay Between Cerebellum, Basal Ganglia, and Cortex.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2017Article
- The inferior olive is essential for long-term maintenance of a simple motor skill.Journal of neurophysiology · 2016Article
- Decreased cerebellar-cerebral connectivity contributes to complex task performance.Journal of neurophysiology · 2016Article
- A physiologically based hypothesis for learning proprioception and in approximating inverse kinematics.Physiological reports · 2016Article
- Ablation of the inferior olive prevents H-reflex down-conditioning in rats.Journal of neurophysiology · 2016Article
- Peripheral nerve axonal excitability studies: expanding the neurophysiologist's armamentarium.Cerebellum & ataxias · 2015Article
- Transynaptic changes evident in peripheral axonal function after acute cerebellar infarct.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2014Article
- Stroke-induced synergistic phase shifting and its possible implications for recovery mechanisms.Experimental brain research · 2014Article
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2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Operant conditioning of the H-reflex, the electrical analog of the spinal stretch reflex, is a simple model of skill acquisition and involves plasticity in the spinal cord. Previous work showed that the cerebellum is essential for down-conditioning the H-reflex. This study asks whether the cerebellum is also essential for maintaining down-conditioning. After rats decreased the soleus H-reflex over 50 d in response to the down-conditioning protocol, the cerebellar output nuclei dentate and interpositus (DIN) were ablated, and down-conditioning continued for 50-100 more days. In naive (i.e., unconditioned) rats, DIN ablation itself has no significant long-term effect on H-reflex size. During down-conditioning prior to DIN ablation, eight Sprague-Dawley rats decreased the H-reflex to 57% (+/-4 SEM) of control. It rose after ablation, stabilizing within 2 d at about 75% and remaining there until approximately 40 d after ablation. It then rose to approximately 130%, where it remained through the end of study 100 d after ablation. Thus, DIN ablation in down-conditioned rats caused an immediate increase and a delayed increase in the H-reflex. The final result was an H-reflex significantly larger than that prior to down-conditioning. Combined with previous work, these remarkable results suggest that the spinal cord plasticity directly responsible for down-conditioning, which survives only 5-10 d on its own, is maintained by supraspinal plasticity that survives approximately 40 d after loss of cerebellar output. Thus, H-reflex conditioning seems to depend on a hierarchy of brain and spinal cord plasticity to which the cerebellum makes an essential contribution.
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