ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2006
Ligand-induced and nonfusogenic dissolution of a viral membrane.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunogenicity of poxvirus A16/G9 entry-fusion subcomplex and its restriction by A56/K2 protein informs vaccine design.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Emerging strategies for monkeypox: antigen and antibody applications in diagnostics, vaccines, and treatments.Military Medical Research · 2025Review
- Poxvirus structural biology for application to vaccine design.Trends in immunology · 2025Review
- Two noncompeting human neutralizing antibodies targeting MPXV B6 show protective effects against orthopoxvirus infections.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Assembly and Evolution of Poxviruses.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Neutralization Determinants on Poxviruses.Viruses · 2023Review
- Zebrafish-based platform for emerging bio-contaminants and virus inactivation research.The Science of the total environment · 2023Review
- Inhibition of vaccinia virus L1 N-myristoylation by the host N-myristoyltransferase inhibitor IMP-1088 generates non-infectious virions defective in cell entry.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
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- The Molluscum Contagiosum Gene MC021L Partially Compensates for the Loss of Its Vaccinia Virus Homolog, F13L.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Conserved Oligomeric Golgi (COG) Complex Proteins Facilitate Orthopoxvirus Entry, Fusion and Spread.Viruses · 2020Article
- Experimental Evolution To Isolate Vaccinia Virus Adaptive G9 Mutants That Overcome Membrane Fusion Inhibition via the Vaccinia Virus A56/K2 Protein Complex.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Nanoscale polarization of the entry fusion complex of vaccinia virus drives efficient fusion.Nature microbiology · 2019Article
- The Ectodomain of the Vaccinia Virus Glycoprotein A34 Is Required for Cell Binding by Extracellular Virions and Contains a Large Region Capable of Interaction with Glycoprotein B5.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- The 2.1 Å structure of protein F9 and its comparison to L1, two components of the conserved poxvirus entry-fusion complex.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Vaccinia Virus Phospholipase Protein F13 Promotes Rapid Entry of Extracellular Virions into Cells.Journal of virology · 2018Article
- Monkeypox Virus Host Factor Screen Using Haploid Cells Identifies Essential Role of GARP Complex in Extracellular Virus Formation.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- Membrane fusion during poxvirus entry.Seminars in cell & developmental biology · 2016Review
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Hitherto, all enveloped viruses were thought to shed their lipid membrane during entry into cells by membrane fusion. The extracellular form of Vaccinia virus has two lipid envelopes surrounding the virus core, and consequently a single fusion event will not deliver a naked core into the cell. Here we report a previously underscribed mechanism in which the outer viral membrane is disrupted by a ligand-induced nonfusogenic reaction, followed by the fusion of the inner viral membrane with the plasma membrane and penetration of the virus core into the cytoplasm. The dissolution of the outer envelope depends on interactions with cellular polyanionic molecules and requires the virus glycoproteins A34 and B5. This discovery represents a remarkable example of how viruses manipulate biological membranes, solves the topological problem of how a double-enveloped virus enters cells, reveals a new effect of polyanions on viruses, and provides a therapeutic approach for treatment of poxvirus infections, such as smallpox.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.