ArticleJournal of virology2006
Mucosal immunization with surface-displayed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein on Lactobacillus casei induces neutralizing antibodies in mice.
Article in Journal of virology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 141 citations in OpenAlex.
- Protection against necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens by co-administration of Enterococcus faecalis EF32 and recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum strain co-expressing FimA, FimB, NetB and Fba.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Postbiotics: Novel Modulators of Gut Health, Metabolism, and Their Mechanisms of Action.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Article
- Potential applications of engineered bacteria in disease diagnosis and treatment.Microbiome research reports · 2025Review
- Myostatin inhibition with orally administeredFrontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Oral Immunisation With Non-GMO Surface Displayed SARS-CoV-2 Spike Epitopes on Bacteria-Like Particles Provokes Robust Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses, and Modulated the Gut Microbiome in Mice.Microbial biotechnology · 2025Article
- Live Attenuated Bacterial Vectors as Vehicles for DNA Vaccine Delivery: A Mini Review.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2024Review
- Display of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus spike protein B-cell linear epitope on Lactobacillus mucosae G01 S-layer surface induce a robust immunogenicity in mice.Microbial cell factories · 2024Article
- Mucosal Administration ofJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Immune Response to Mucosal Immunization with an Oral Probiotic-Based Vaccine in Mice: Potential for Prime-Boost Immunization against SARS-CoV-2.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- A Novel Probiotic-Based Oral Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant B.1.1.529.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Longitudinal Variations in Antibody Responses against SARS-CoV-2 Spike Epitopes upon Serial Vaccinations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- A New Method of Myostatin Inhibition in Mice via Oral Administration ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Hacking Commensal Bacteria to Consolidate the Adaptive Mucosal Immune Response in the Gut-Lung Axis: Future Possibilities for SARS-CoV-2 Protection.Biotech (Basel (Switzerland)) · 2022Review
- Bacterium-Like Particles Displaying the Rift Valley Fever Virus Gn Head Protein Induces Efficacious Immune Responses in Immunized Mice.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Microbiota and the Response to Vaccines Against Respiratory Virus.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Article
- The Role of Mucosal Immunity and Recombinant Probiotics in SARS-CoV2 Vaccine Development.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2021Review
- Recombinant lactic acid bacteria as promising vectors for mucosal vaccination.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2021Review
- SARS-CoV-2 mucosal antibody development and persistence and their relation to viral load and COVID-19 symptoms.Nature communications · 2021Observational
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Induction of mucosal immunity may be important for preventing SARS-CoV infections. For safe and effective delivery of viral antigens to the mucosal immune system, we have developed a novel surface antigen display system for lactic acid bacteria using the poly-gamma-glutamic acid synthetase A protein (PgsA) of Bacillus subtilis as an anchoring matrix. Recombinant fusion proteins comprised of PgsA and the Spike (S) protein segments SA (residues 2 to 114) and SB (residues 264 to 596) were stably expressed in Lactobacillus casei. Surface localization of the fusion protein was verified by cellular fractionation analyses, immunofluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry. Oral and nasal inoculations of recombinant L. casei into mice resulted in high levels of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and mucosal IgA, as demonstrated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using S protein peptides. More importantly, these antibodies exhibited potent neutralizing activities against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) pseudoviruses. Orally immunized mice mounted a greater neutralizing-antibody response than those immunized intranasally. Three new neutralizing epitopes were identified on the S protein using a peptide neutralization interference assay (residues 291 to 308, 520 to 529, and 564 to 581). These results indicate that mucosal immunization with recombinant L. casei expressing SARS-associated coronavirus S protein on its surface provides an effective means for eliciting protective immune response against the virus.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.