Evidence map›Paper›PMID 16569858›Full record

ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2006

Protease-stable polycationic photosensitizer conjugates between polyethyleneimine and chlorin(e6) for broad-spectrum antimicrobial photoinactivation.

George P Tegos, Masahiro Anbe, Changming Yang, Tatiana N Demidova, Minahil Satti, Pawel Mroz, Sumbul Janjua, Faten Gad, Michael R Hamblin

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
66citing papers in PubMed
5.0field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

66 citing papers in PubMed, 165 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Siderophore-Porphyrin conjugates for bacteria-selective antimicrobial photodynamic therapy.Medicinal chemistry research : an international journal for rapid communications on design and mechanisms of action of biologically active agents · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. A conjugate of chlorin e6 and cationic amphipathic peptoid: a dual antimicrobial and anticancer photodynamic therapy agent.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2023
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Frontiers in microbiology · 2020
    Article
  13. Review
  14. Recent Patents on Light-Based Anti-Infective Approaches.Recent patents on anti-infective drug discovery · 2018
    Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Can microbial cells develop resistance to oxidative stress in antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation?Drug resistance updates : reviews and commentaries in antimicrobial and anticancer chemotherapy · 2017
    Review

6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.

George P TegosWellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114-2698, USA.
Masahiro Anbe
Changming Yang
Tatiana N Demidova
Minahil Satti
Pawel Mroz
Sumbul Janjua
Faten Gad
Michael R Hamblin
Massachusetts General Hospital · USHarvard University · USAga Khan University · PKHarvard–MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology · USThe University of Tokyo · JPTufts University · US

Funding

Photodynamic Therapy of Localized InfectionsR01AI050875 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI HAMBLIN, MICHAEL R · 2003 to 2017
$4.8M
Macrophage Targeted Photodynamic TherapyR01CA083882 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI HAMBLIN, MICHAEL R · 2002 to 2004
$740k
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA083882NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI050875NIAID NIH HHS R01AI050875
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We previously showed that covalent conjugates between poly-L-lysine and chlorin(e6) were efficient photosensitizers (PS) of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The polycationic molecular constructs increased binding and penetration of the PS into impermeable gram-negative cells. We have now prepared a novel set of second-generation polycationic conjugates between chlorin(e6) and three molecular forms of polyethyleneimine (PEI): a small linear, a small cross-linked, and a large cross-linked molecule. The conjugates were characterized by high-pressure liquid chromatography and tested for their ability to kill a panel of pathogenic microorganisms, the gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, the gram-negative Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the yeast Candida albicans, after exposure to low levels of red light. The large cross-linked molecule efficiently killed all organisms, while the linear conjugate killed gram-positive bacteria and C. albicans. The small cross-linked conjugate was the least efficient antimicrobial PS and its remarkably low activity could not be explained by reduced photochemical quantum yield or reduced cellular uptake. In contrast to polylysine conjugates, the PEI conjugates were resistant to degradation by proteases such as trypsin that hydrolyze lysine-lysine peptide bonds, The advantage of protease stability combined with the ready availability of PEI suggests these molecules may be superior to polylysine-PS conjugates for photodynamic therapy of localized infections.

Indexed as

PhotochemotherapyCandida albicansChlorophyllidesGram-Negative BacteriaGram-Positive BacteriaPhotosensitizing AgentsPolyaminesPolyelectrolytesPolyethyleneiminePorphyrinsReactive Oxygen SpeciesTrypsinChlorophyllidesPhotosensitizing AgentsphytochlorinPolyaminesPolyelectrolytesPolyethyleneiminePorphyrinsReactive Oxygen SpeciesTrypsin

Identifiers

PMID16569858
PMCPMC1426948
OpenAlexW2163238015

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.