ArticleTobacco control2006
Cost of tobacco-related diseases, including passive smoking, in Hong Kong.
Article in Tobacco control, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Motivating Smokers at Outdoor Public Smoking Hotspots to Have Quit Attempt With Nicotine Replacement Therapy Sampling: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Development of Typology-based Smoking Relapse Prevention: A Q-methodology and a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Designing a Smoking Intervention for Youth Smokers Using Q-Methodology: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Brief Smoking Cessation Advice by Youth Counselors for the Smokers in the Hong Kong Quit to Win Contest 2010: a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Estimating the Direct Medical Costs of Smoking-Attributable Non-communicable Diseases in Northeastern Iran From 2015 to 2023.Tobacco use insights · 2025Article
- Building a House on Sand: How Tobacco Use Is Devouring Resources.Addiction & health · 2023Review
- Concordance assessment through comparison with urine cotinine: Does self-report adequately reflect passive smoking?Tobacco induced diseases · 2023Article
- The estimated effect of graphic warning labels on smoker's intention to quit in Shanghai, China: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2021Article
- The Estimated Effect of Physicians' Advice for Smoking Cessation and Assumed Tobacco Retail Price Increase on Smoker's Intention to Quit in Shanghai, China: A Cross-Sectional Study.Frontiers in public health · 2021Article
- Exploring smoking cessation behaviors of outpatients in outpatient clinics: Application of the transtheoretical model.Medicine · 2020Observational
- Economic burden of smoking-attributable diseases in China: A systematic review.Tobacco induced diseases · 2020Review
- Nomogram to predict successful smoking cessation in a Chinese outpatient population.Tobacco induced diseases · 2020Article
- Relationships between smoking duration, smoking intensity, hypothetical tobacco price increases, and smoking habit change intention among current smokers in Shanghai.The Journal of international medical research · 2019Article
- Prevalence of tobacco related chronic diseases and its role in smoking cessation among smokers in a rural area of Shanghai, China: a cross sectional study.BMC public health · 2019Article
- Article
- [Sick leave due to tobacco use in workers aged 35-64. Catalonia, 2007-2016].Revista espanola de salud publica · 2018Article
- Smoking status and oral health-related quality of life among adults in the United Kingdom.British dental journal · 2018Article
- Smoking-Attributable Direct Healthcare Expenditure in Lithuania: A Prevalence-Based Annual Cost Approach.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2018Article
- Economic Burden of Smoking in Iran: A Prevalence-Based Annual Cost ApproachAsian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2017Article
- Modeling lifetime costs and health outcomes attributable to secondhand smoke exposure at home among Korean adult women.BMJ open · 2017Article
- Direct and indirect costs of smoking in Vietnam.Tobacco control · 2016Article
- Economic burden of smoking: a systematic review of direct and indirect costs.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCosts of tobacco-related disease can be useful evidence to support tobacco control. In Hong Kong we now have locally derived data on the risks of smoking, including passive smoking.
aimTo estimate the health-related costs of tobacco from both active and passive smoking.
methodsUsing local data, we estimated active and passive smoking-attributable mortality, hospital admissions, outpatient, emergency and general practitioner visits for adults and children, use of nursing homes and domestic help, time lost from work due to illness and premature mortality in the productive years. Morbidity risk data were used where possible but otherwise estimates based on mortality risks were used. Utilisation was valued at unit costs or from survey data. Work time lost was valued at the median wage and an additional costing included a value of USD 1.3 million for a life lost.
resultsIn the Hong Kong population of 6.5 million in 1998, the annual value of direct medical costs, long term care and productivity loss was USD 532 million for active smoking and USD 156 million for passive smoking; passive smoking accounted for 23% of the total costs. Adding the value of attributable lives lost brought the annual cost to USD 9.4 billion.
conclusionThe health costs of tobacco use are high and represent a net loss to society. Passive smoking increases these costs by at least a quarter. This quantification of the costs of tobacco provides strong motivation for legislative action on smoke-free areas in the Asia Pacific Region and elsewhere.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.