Evidence map›Paper›PMID 16556318›Full record

ArticleBMC evolutionary biology2006

Population genetic estimation of the loss of genetic diversity during horizontal transmission of HIV-1.

Charles T T Edwards, Edward C Holmes, Daniel J Wilson, Raphael P Viscidi, Elaine J Abrams, Rodney E Phillips, Alexei J Drummond

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC evolutionary biology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
45citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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  9. Quantifying between-Host Transmission in Influenza Virus Infections.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2020
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Charles T T EdwardsNuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, The Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK. cedwards@maths.uct.ac.za
Edward C Holmes
Daniel J Wilson
Raphael P Viscidi
Elaine J Abrams
Rodney E Phillips
Alexei J Drummond

Funding

Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGenetic diversity of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) population within an individual is lost during transmission to a new host. The demography of transmission is an important determinant of evolutionary dynamics, particularly the relative impact of natural selection and genetic drift immediately following HIV-1 infection. Despite this, the magnitude of this population bottleneck is unclear.

resultsWe use coalescent methods to quantify the bottleneck in a single case of homosexual transmission and find that over 99% of the env and gag diversity present in the donor is lost. This was consistent with the diversity present at seroconversion in nine other horizontally infected individuals. Furthermore, we estimated viral diversity at birth in 27 infants infected through vertical transmission and found there to be no difference between the two modes of transmission.

conclusionAssuming the bottleneck at transmission is selectively neutral, such a severe reduction in genetic diversity has important implications for adaptation in HIV-1, since beneficial mutations have a reduced chance of transmission.

Indexed as

Disease Transmission, InfectiousEvolution, MolecularBayes TheoremFemaleGenetic VariationHIV-1HIV Core Protein p24HIV Envelope Protein gp120HIV InfectionsHomosexualityHumansInfant, NewbornInfectious Disease Transmission, VerticalMaleModels, BiologicalPhylogenyHIV Core Protein p24HIV Envelope Protein gp120

Identifiers

PMID16556318
PMCPMC1444934

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.