ArticleThe EMBO journal1991
Several different upstream promoter elements can potentiate transactivation by the BPV-1 E2 protein.
Article in The EMBO journal, 1991. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cooperative activation of human papillomavirus type 8 gene expression by the E2 protein and the cellular coactivator p300.Journal of virology · 2002Article
- The E8 domain confers a novel long-distance transcriptional repression activity on the E8E2C protein of high-risk human papillomavirus type 31.Journal of virology · 2001Article
- A novel silencer element in the bovine papillomavirus type 4 promoter represses the transcriptional response to papillomavirus E2 protein.Journal of virology · 2001Article
- Functional interaction of a novel cellular protein with the papillomavirus E2 transactivation domain.Molecular and cellular biology · 1997Article
- Conserved interaction of the papillomavirus E2 transcriptional activator proteins with human and yeast TFIIB proteins.Journal of virology · 1997Article
- Expression of the papillomavirus E2 protein in HeLa cells leads to apoptosis.The EMBO journal · 1997Article
- Enhanced transcriptional activation by E2 proteins from the oncogenic human papillomaviruses.Journal of virology · 1996Article
- The proximal element of the human apolipoprotein A-II promoter increases the enhancer activity of the distal region.The Biochemical journal · 1996Article
- Targeted mutagenesis of the human papillomavirus type 16 E2 transactivation domain reveals separable transcriptional activation and DNA replication functions.Journal of virology · 1996Article
- Hierarchy and positive/negative interplays of the hepatocyte nuclear factors HNF-1, -3 and -4 in the liver-specific enhancer for the human alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor.Nucleic acids research · 1995Article
- The bovine papillomavirus 1 E2 protein contains two activation domains: one that interacts with TBP and another that functions after TBP binding.The EMBO journal · 1995Article
- Kinetic and equilibrium binding studies of the human papillomavirus type-16 transcription regulatory protein E2 interacting with core enhancer elements.Nucleic acids research · 1994Article
- Transcriptional regulation of the apolipoprotein A-IV gene involves synergism between a proximal orphan receptor response element and a distant enhancer located in the upstream promoter region of the apolipoprotein C-III gene.Nucleic acids research · 1994Article
- The E2 transcriptional repressor can compensate for Sp1 activation of the human papillomavirus type 18 early promoter.Journal of virology · 1994Article
- trans activation by the full-length E2 proteins of human papillomavirus type 16 and bovine papillomavirus type 1 in vitro and in vivo: cooperation with activation domains of cellular transcription factors.Journal of virology · 1994Article
- The bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV1) replication protein E1 modulates transcriptional activation by interacting with BPV1 E2.Journal of virology · 1994Article
- Cooperativity in vivo between the E2 transactivator and the TATA box binding protein depends on core promoter structure.The EMBO journal · 1994Article
- The PML-retinoic acid receptor alpha translocation converts the receptor from an inhibitor to a retinoic acid-dependent activator of transcription factor AP-1.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 1993Article
- Cooperative DNA binding of the bovine papillomavirus E2 transcriptional activator is antagonized by truncated E2 polypeptides.Journal of virology · 1993Article
- Synergistic activation of the HTLV1 LTR Ets-responsive region by transcription factors Ets1 and Sp1.The EMBO journal · 1993Article
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4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The enhancer and upstream promoter regions of RNA polymerase II transcribed genes modulate the rate of transcription initiation and establish specific patterns of gene expression. Both types of region consist of clusters of DNA binding sites for nuclear proteins. To determine how efficiently the same factor can activate transcription when acting as an enhancer or promoter factor, we have studied transactivation by the BPV-1 E2 protein, a papillomavirus transcriptional regulator. By cotransfecting a BPV-1 E2 expression vector and a series of reporter plasmids containing well-defined chimeric promoters we have found that whilst E2 can strongly stimulate complex promoters such as that of the HSV tk gene, it does not efficiently activate constructions containing only a TATA box and initiation site. We show that insertion of upstream promoter elements, but not of spacer DNA, between E2 binding sites and the TATA box greatly increases E2 activation. This effect was observed with more than one type of upstream promoter element, is not related to the strength of the promoter and is unlikely to result from co-operative DNA binding by E2 and the transcription factors tested. These results would suggest that E2 has the properties of an enhancer rather than promoter factor and that in certain cases promoter and enhancer factors may affect different steps in the process of transcriptional activation.
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