ArticleInfection and immunity2006
Immunomodulation with CD40 stimulation and interleukin-2 protects mice from disseminated cryptococcosis.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cryptococcal Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome: From Clinical Studies to Animal Experiments.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Review
- T cell responses to control fungal infection in an immunological memory lens.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Fungal CNS Infections in Africa: The Neuroimmunology of Cryptococcal Meningitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Reassessing therapeutic antibodies for neglected and tropical diseases.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Review
- HIV-Associated Cryptococcal Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Is Associated with Aberrant T Cell Function and Increased Cytokine Responses.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- The war on cryptococcosis: A Review of the antifungal arsenal.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2018Review
- Adaptive Immunity toJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Article
- Article
- Vaccine and immunotherapeutic approaches for the prevention of cryptococcosis: lessons learned from animal models.Frontiers in microbiology · 2012Article
- Dual roles of CD40 on microbial containment and the development of immunopathology in response to persistent fungal infection in the lung.The American journal of pathology · 2010Article
- Immune response and immunotherapy to Cryptococcus infections.Immunologic research · 2006Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is a ubiquitous fungus that can cause life-threatening infections during immunosuppressive states such as AIDS and after bone marrow transplantation. In this study we investigated the antifungal efficacy of an agonist antibody to CD40, an important costimulator of immune function, in combination with interleukin 2 (IL-2) in a murine model of disseminated cryptococcosis. Only the combination of anti-CD40 and IL-2 significantly prolonged the survival time of infected mice. This protection was correlated with decreased yeast burdens in the brain and kidney. Increased immune cell populations in the spleens, as well as increased serum gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels were observed in infected mice treated with anti-CD40 and IL-2. Further experiments with IFN-gamma knockout mice demonstrated that the protection induced by anti-CD40 and IL-2 treatment was dependent on IFN-gamma. Depletion of CD4+ T cells did not affect the increased serum IFN-gamma levels induced by anti-CD40 and IL-2 treatment and, importantly, did not affect the antifungal effect of combination therapy. These studies indicate that immunotherapy using anti-CD40 and IL-2 has therapeutic potential in augmenting host resistance to disseminated cryptococcosis and that IFN-gamma is essential for efficacy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.