ArticleRetrovirology2006
Functional analysis of human T lymphotropic virus type 2 Tax proteins.
Article in Retrovirology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- A multi-omics approach reveals specific oncogenic and inflammatory potential of viral oncoproteins Tax from neglected HTLV-1b and -1c genotypes.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- A Panel of Eight miRNAs Is Deregulated in HTLV-2 Infected PBMCs and BJABGu Cell Line.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Provirus Mutations of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) in HIV-1-Coinfected Individuals.mSphere · 2020Article
- Novel interactions between the HTLV antisense proteins HBZ and APH-2 and the NFAR protein family: Implications for the HTLV lifecycles.Virology · 2016Article
- Highlights on distinctive structural and functional properties of HTLV Tax proteins.Frontiers in microbiology · 2013Review
- The four and a half LIM family members are novel interactants of the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax oncoprotein.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- Human T cell leukemia virus type 2 tax-mediated NF-κB activation involves a mechanism independent of Tax conjugation to ubiquitin and SUMO.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- Tax-1 and Tax-2 similarities and differences: focus on post-translational modifications and NF-κB activation.Frontiers in microbiology · 2013Article
- The MHC-II transactivator CIITA, a restriction factor against oncogenic HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 retroviruses: similarities and differences in the inhibition of Tax-1 and Tax-2 viral transactivators.Frontiers in microbiology · 2013Article
- Interplay between the HTLV-2 Tax and APH-2 proteins in the regulation of the AP-1 pathway.Retrovirology · 2012Article
- HTLV tax: a fascinating multifunctional co-regulator of viral and cellular pathways.Frontiers in microbiology · 2012Article
- Comparison of the Genetic Organization, Expression Strategies and Oncogenic Potential of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2.Leukemia research and treatment · 2012Article
- Review
- Tax 1-independent induction of vascular endothelial growth factor in adult T-cell leukemia caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1.Journal of virology · 2010Article
- Functional interaction of HTLV-1 tax protein with the POZ domain of the transcriptional repressor BCL6.Oncogene · 2009Article
- Human T-cell leukemia virus type 2 Tax protein induces interleukin 2-independent growth in a T-cell line.Retrovirology · 2006Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe Tax proteins encoded by human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and type 2 (HTLV-2) are transcriptional activators of both the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) and cellular promoters via the CREB and NFkB pathways. In contrast to HTLV-1, HTLV-2 has been classified into four distinct genetic subtypes A, B, C and D defined by phylogenetic analysis of their nucleotide sequences and the size and amino acid sequence of their Tax proteins. In the present study we have analysed and compared the transactivating activities of three Tax 2A and one Tax 2B proteins using LTR and NFkB reporter assays.
resultsWe found that with the exception of the prototype Tax 2A Mo protein, the other two Tax 2A proteins failed to transactivate either the viral LTR or NFkB promoter in Jurkat and 293T cells. Loss of activity was not associated with either expression levels or an alteration in subcellular distribution as all Tax 2 proteins were predominantly located in the cytoplasm of transfected cells. Analysis of the sequence of the two inactive Tax 2A proteins relative to Mo indicated that one had six amino acid changes and the other had one change in the central region of the protein. Mutations present at the amino and the extreme carboxy termini of Mo resulted in the loss of LTR but not NFkB activation whereas those occurring in the central region of the protein appeared to abolish transactivation of both promoters. Analysis of the transactivation phenotypes of Tax 1, Tax 2A Mo and Tax 2B containing mutations identified in the present study or previously characterised Tax mutations showed that domains required for LTR and NFkB activation are very similar but not identical in all three Tax proteins.
conclusionOur results suggest that loss of activity of two Tax 2A proteins derived from different isolates is associated with multiple amino acid changes relative to Mo in domains required for the activation of the CREB or CREB and NFkB pathways and that these domains are very similar but not identical in Tax 2B and Tax 1. The loss of Tax function in 2A viruses may have implications for their biological and pathogenic properties.
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