ArticleHeart (British Cardiac Society)2006
Relation between proinflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokine ratios and long-term prognosis in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome.
Article in Heart (British Cardiac Society), 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α polymorphisms with acute coronary syndrome risk: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis.BMC medical genomics · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluation of C-reactive protein as predictor of adverse prognosis in acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention: A systematic review and meta-analysis from 18,715 individuals.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Using sweat to measure cytokines in older adults compared to younger adults: A pilot study.Journal of immunological methods · 2018Trial
- The role of different anesthetic techniques in altering the stress response during cardiac surgery in children: a prospective, double-blinded, and randomized study.Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies · 2013Trial
- Residual cardiovascular risk in coronary artery disease: from pathophysiology to established and novel therapies.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Cytokine and chemokine signatures of steady-state sickle cell disease in African children: a cross-sectional study.BMC immunology · 2026Article
- A Real Pandora's Box in Pandemic Times: A Narrative Review on the Acute Cardiac Injury Due to COVID-19.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Article
- Interleukin-35 Levels in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2022Article
- IL-6, IL-1RA and Resistin as Predictors of Left Ventricular Remodelling and Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Patients with Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Inflammation and salt in young adults: the African-PREDICT study.European journal of nutrition · 2021Article
- Inflammation and hypertension development: A longitudinal analysis of the African-PREDICT study.International Journal of Cardiology. Hypertension · 2020Article
- An IL-6-IL-8 score derived from principal component analysis is predictive of adverse outcome in acute myocardial infarction.Cytokine: X · 2020Article
- Association between inflammatory cytokines and long-term adverse outcomes in acute coronary syndromes: A systematic review.Heliyon · 2020Review
- Article
- A Modular Cytokine Analysis Method Reveals Novel Associations With Clinical Phenotypes and Identifies Sets of Co-signaling Cytokines Across Influenza Natural Infection Cohorts and Healthy Controls.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- The Effect of Kyolic Aged Garlic Extract on Gut Microbiota, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Markers in Hypertensives: The GarGIC Trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2018Article
- Premature atherosclerosis in premenopausal women: Does cytokine balance play a role?Medical hypotheses · 2017Article
- Rac2 Modulates Atherosclerotic Calcification by Regulating Macrophage Interleukin-1β Production.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2017Article
- Temporal changes in biomarkers and their relationships to reperfusion and to clinical outcomes among patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the relation between serum high sensitivity (hs) C reactive protein (CRP), proinflammatory cytokine concentrations, proinflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokine ratios and long-term prognosis in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS).
designProspective follow-up study for the first six months and then for the first year after admission to hospital.
settingTertiary referral centre. PATIENTS: 80 patients (60 men, 20 women, mean age 60 (SD 10) years) with NSTEACS and moderate to high TIMI (Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction) risk scores.
interventionsBlood samples from patients with NSTEACS were obtained at the time of admission. Serum concentrations of hs-CRP, (hs) pro-inflammatory (interleukin (IL) -1beta, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha) and (hs) anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines were analysed and proinflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokine ratios were calculated by dividing proinflammatory cytokine concentrations by anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.
main outcome measureThe primary end point of the study was new coronary events (NCE) defined as the combination of cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction and recurrent rest angina that required hospitalisation within 12 months of follow up.
resultsDuring the one-year follow-up period, 23 patients (29%) met the NCE criteria. Concentrations of hs-CRP, IL-1beta and IL-6 and ratios of IL-1beta:IL-10 and IL-6:IL-10 were significantly higher in patients with NCE than in patients without NCE. In the logistic regression analysis, IL-6:IL-10 ratio was the most important predictor for NCE (p = 0.006) with an odds ratio of 2.24 (95% CI 1.26 to 3.97).
conclusionsCytokine concentrations and proinflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokine ratios may be useful markers for predicting vascular risk in patients with NSTEACS.
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