ArticleThe international journal of biochemistry & cell biology2006
Retracted: Nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV activates the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 by binding directly to regulatory elements for nuclear factor-kappa B and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein.
Article in The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 85 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 141 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19 and Headache Medicine: A Narrative Review of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) and Corticosteroid Use.Headache · 2020Pooled it
- Taiwan Chingguan Yihau may improve post-COVID-19 respiratory complications through PI3K/AKT, HIF-1, and TNF signaling pathways revealed by network pharmacology analysis.Molecular diversity · 2025Article
- Oncogenic potential of SARS-CoV-2-targeting hallmarks of cancer pathways.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- Indomethacin inhibits human seasonal coronaviruses at late stages of viral replication in lung cells: Impact on virus-induced COX-2 expression.Journal of virus eradication · 2024Article
- Evaluating NSAIDs in SARS-CoV-2: Immunomodulatory mechanisms and future therapeutic strategies.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Nucleotide metabolism-related host proteins RNA polymerase II subunit and uridine phosphorylase 1 interacting with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus N proteins affect viral replication.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- In Memory of the Virologist Jianguo Wu, 1957-2022.Viruses · 2023Article
- Strategies Tackling Viral Replication and Inflammatory Pathways as Early Pharmacological Treatment for SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Any Potential Role for Ketoprofen Lysine Salt?Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Neuropeptides, New Ligands of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein, a Potential Link between Replication, Inflammation and Neurotransmission.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Impairment of antiviral immune response and disruption of cellular functions by SARS-CoV-2 ORF7a and ORF7b.iScience · 2022Article
- Toll-like Receptor Mediation in SARS-CoV-2: A Therapeutic Approach.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Plasma Oxylipins and Their Precursors Are Strongly Associated with COVID-19 Severity and with Immune Response Markers.Metabolites · 2022Article
- Chlorpromazine, a Clinically Approved Drug, Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid-Mediated Induction of IL-6 in Human Monocytes.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The status and analysis of common mutations found in the SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequences from Bangladesh.Gene reports · 2022Article
- Drugs for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and its complications: An update on what we learned in the past 2 years.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on Host Factors Involved in Mental Disorders.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Paper-based microfluidic chip for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 N protein.Bioengineered · 2022Article
- Models for COVID-19 Early Cardiac Pathology Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2021Article
- Should we look beyond the interferon signature in chilblain-like lesions associated with COVID-19?The British journal of dermatology · 2021Article
- Hyperactivated Mast Cells Pathogenesis Hypothesis for COVID-19 Cutaneous Manifestations.JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2021Article
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2024-10-22Duplication of/in Image · Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Manipulation of Images · Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available · Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions ·
- Retracted
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) causes inflammation and damage to the lungs resulting in severe acute respiratory syndrome. To evaluate the molecular mechanisms behind this event, we investigated the roles of SARS-CoV proteins in regulation of the proinflammatory factor, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Individual viral proteins were tested for their abilities to regulate COX-2 gene expression. Results showed that the COX-2 promoter was activated by the nucleocapsid (N) protein in a concentration-dependent manner. Western blot analysis indicated that N protein was sufficient to stimulate the production of COX-2 protein in mammalian cells. COX-2 promoter mutations suggested that activation of COX-2 transcription depended on two regulatory elements, a nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) binding site, and a CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) binding site. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) demonstrated that SARS-CoV N protein bound directly to these regulatory sequences. Protein mutation analysis revealed that a Lys-rich motif of N protein acted as a nuclear localization signal and was essential for the activation of COX-2. In addition, a Leu-rich motif was found to be required for the N protein function. A sequence of 68 residuals was identified as a potential DNA-binding domain essential for activating COX-2 expression. We propose that SARS-CoV N protein causes inflammation of the lungs by activating COX-2 gene expression by binding directly to the promoter resulting in inflammation through multiple COX-2 signaling cascades.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.