ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2006
Immunomodulatory synergy by combination of atorvastatin and glatiramer acetate in treatment of CNS autoimmunity.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Randomized controlled trial of atorvastatin in clinically isolated syndrome: the STAyCIS study.Neurology · 2012Trial
- The potential therapeutic effect of statins in multiple sclerosis: beneficial or detrimental effects.Inflammopharmacology · 2023Review
- The effects of statins on the function and differentiation of blood cells.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2023Article
- The role of B cells in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.Immunology · 2020Review
- On the immunoregulatory role of statins in multiple sclerosis: the effects on Th17 cells.Immunologic research · 2019Review
- The Evolving Mechanisms of Action of Glatiramer Acetate.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2019Review
- Regulatory B and T lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis: friends or foes?Auto- immunity highlights · 2018Review
- Immune modulatory effects of statins.Immunology · 2018Review
- Deciphering the Role of B Cells in Multiple Sclerosis-Towards Specific Targeting of Pathogenic Function.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Review
- The beneficial effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in the processes of neurodegeneration.Metabolic brain disease · 2017Review
- B Cell-Directed Therapeutics in Multiple Sclerosis: Rationale and Clinical Evidence.CNS drugs · 2016Review
- Dimethyl fumarate treatment induces adaptive and innate immune modulation independent of Nrf2.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2016Article
- Obeticholic acid, a synthetic bile acid agonist of the farnesoid X receptor, attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2016Article
- Simvastatin ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inhibiting Th1/Th17 response and cellular infiltration.Inflammopharmacology · 2015Article
- Glatiramer acetate treatment negatively regulates type I interferon signaling.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2015Article
- New tricks for old dogs: countering antibiotic resistance in tuberculosis with host-directed therapeutics.Immunological reviews · 2015Review
- Angiogenesis in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2014Review
- Neither T-helper type 2 nor Foxp3+ regulatory T cells are necessary for therapeutic benefit of atorvastatin in treatment of central nervous system autoimmunity.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2014Article
- Therapeutic decisions in multiple sclerosis: moving beyond efficacy.JAMA neurology · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
One approach to improving efficacy in MS therapy is to identify medications that provide additive or synergistic benefit in combination. Orally administered cholesterol-lowering HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (known as statins), which exhibit immunomodulatory properties and are effective in treatment of the MS model EAE, are being tested in MS. As atorvastatin can enhance protective Th2 responses and has a different mechanism of action than glatiramer acetate (GA), a parenterally administered immunomodulatory agent approved for MS treatment, we tested whether the combination of these agents could be beneficial in EAE. Combination therapy using suboptimal doses of atorvastatin and GA prevented or reversed clinical and histologic EAE. Secretion of proinflammatory Th1 cytokines was reduced--and conversely Th2 cytokine secretion was increased--in these mice, but not in mice treated with each drug alone at the same doses. Monocytes treated with the combination of suboptimal doses of atorvastatin and GA secreted an antiinflammatory type II cytokine pattern and, when used as APCs, promoted Th2 differentiation of naive myelin-specific T cells. Our results demonstrate that agents with different mechanisms of immune modulation can combine in a synergistic manner for the treatment of CNS autoimmunity and provide rationale for testing the combination of atorvastatin and GA in MS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.