ArticleGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie2006
Th1- and Th2-type cytokines in chronic ocular allergy.
Article in Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quiescent and Active Tear Protein Profiles to Predict Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis Reactivation.BioMed research international · 2016Trial
- Mediator profiles in tears during the conjunctival response induced by allergic reaction in the nasal mucosa.Molecular vision · 2013Trial
- Pathophysiological and molecular insights into allergic conjunctivitis: an expanding analysis of immunological endotypes.Frontiers in allergy · 2026Review
- IL-6 amplifies corneal transplant alloimmunity by inducing dysfunctional IFN-γ- secreting Treg through the VEGFA-VEGFR1 axis.Transplant immunology · 2025Article
- Topical Innovation: A Report on Epinastine Eyelid Cream for Patients With Mild Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis.Cureus · 2025Article
- Impact of Upadacitinib on Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis Exacerbated by Dupilumab Treatment in Atopic Dermatitis Patients: A Prospective Dermatological and Ophthalmological Clinical Evaluation in Common Clinical Practice.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Conjunctival infiltrates and cytokines in an experimental immune-mediated blepharoconjunctivitis rat model.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Analysis of Cytokine Production Profiles of Local and Systemic Lymphocytes in Sick Building Syndrome Compared with Ocular Allergy.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2022Article
- Conjunctival Intraepithelial Lymphocytes, Lacrimal Cytokines and Ocular Commensal Microbiota: Analysis of the Three Main Players in Allergic Conjunctivitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Understanding Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: Beyond Allergic Mechanisms.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Role of ocular cytology in vernal keratoconjunctivitis.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2020Observational
- Context-Dependent Regulation of Conjunctival Goblet Cell Function by Allergic Mediators.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Assessment of the effectiveness of cyclosporine nasal spray in an animal model of allergic rhinitis.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2018Article
- Thrombospondin-derived peptide attenuates Sjögren's syndrome-associated ocular surface inflammation in mice.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2017Article
- An engineered human conjunctival-like tissue to study ocular surface inflammatory diseases.PloS one · 2017Article
- Lacrimal Cytokines Assessment in Subjects Exposed to Different Levels of Ambient Air Pollution in a Large Metropolitan Area.PloS one · 2015Article
- Intracellular IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-γ as the main characteristic of CD4+CD30+ T cells after allergen stimulation in patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis.Molecular vision · 2015Article
- Article
- The chemokine receptor CCR7 expressed by dendritic cells: a key player in corneal and ocular surface inflammation.The ocular surface · 2014Review
- Cellular changes in tears associated with keratoconjunctival responses induced by nasal allergy.Eye (London, England) · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPrevious reports have suggested that Th2-type cytokines are important in the pathogenesis of ocular allergic diseases. The purpose of this study is to measure levels and mRNA expression of Th1- and Th2-type cytokines in patients with active vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC).
methodsTear samples and tear-isolated cells were obtained from 9 healthy participants (CT--controls), 28 VKC, and 6 AKC patients. IL-4, IL-13, and interferon gamma (IFNgamma) tear levels were determined by ELISA, and IL-4 and IFNgamma tear cell mRNA expression by RT-PCR. Effects of these cytokines on IL-6 and IL-8 secretion, and on ICAM-1 expression by conjunctival fibroblasts, were evaluated by ELISA and flow cytometry respectively.
resultsInterleukin-4 tear levels were increased in VKC and AKC compared with CT, but only IFNgamma significantly correlated with corneal involvement. An IL-4/13-dominant profile was found in 50% of VKC and in 17% of AKC patients, while a IFNgamma-dominant profile was found in 18% of VKC and in 17% of AKC patients. IL-4 and IFNgamma transcripts were detected in tear cells from 11 out of 12 VKC patients. IFNgamma upregulated expression of ICAM-1 on conjunctival fibroblasts and the secretion of IL-6 and IL-8.
conclusionsAlthough both IL-4 and IFNgamma are detected in tears, only IFNgamma levels correlated with disease severity and upregulated ICAM-1 on conjunctival fibroblasts, suggesting the role of IFNgamma in the inflammatory phase of chronic allergic eye diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.