ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2006
Epithelial cells are sensitive detectors of bacterial pore-forming toxins.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 172 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Probing the Mechanism of Action of Cry41Aa on HepG2 through the Establishment of a Resistant Subline.Toxins · 2022Article
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- The Yin and Yang of Pneumolysin During Pneumococcal Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Oxysterols Protect Epithelial Cells Against Pore-Forming Toxins.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Bacterial Toxins Are a Never-Ending Source of Surprises: From Natural Born Killers to Negotiators.Toxins · 2021Review
- Peptide Triazole Thiol Irreversibly Inactivates Metastable HIV-1 Env by Accessing Conformational Triggers Intrinsic to Virus-Cell Entry.Microorganisms · 2021Article
- IBT-V02: A Multicomponent Toxoid Vaccine Protects Against Primary and Secondary Skin Infections Caused byFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Interaction of Macrophages and Cholesterol-Dependent Cytolysins: The Impact on Immune Response and Cellular Survival.Toxins · 2020Review
- Metastable HIV-1 Surface Protein Env Sensitizes Cell Membranes to Transformation and Poration by Dual-Acting Virucidal Entry Inhibitors.Biochemistry · 2020Article
- Pneumolysin Induces 12-Lipoxygenase-Dependent Neutrophil Migration duringJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2020Article
- Candidalysin: discovery and function in Candida albicans infections.Current opinion in microbiology · 2019Review
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Epithelial cells act as an interface between human mucosal surfaces and the surrounding environment. As a result, they are responsible for the initiation of local immune responses, which may be crucial for prevention of invasive infection. Here we show that epithelial cells detect the presence of bacterial pore-forming toxins (including pneumolysin from Streptococcus pneumoniae, alpha-hemolysin from Staphylococcus aureus, streptolysin O from Streptococcus pyogenes, and anthrolysin O from Bacillus anthracis) at nanomolar concentrations, far below those required to cause cytolysis. Phosphorylation of p38 MAPK appears to be a conserved response of epithelial cells to subcytolytic concentrations of bacterial poreforming toxins, and this activity is inhibited by the addition of high molecular weight osmolytes to the extracellular medium. By sensing osmotic stress caused by the insertion of a sublethal number of pores into their membranes, epithelial cells may act as an early warning system to commence an immune response, while the local density of toxin-producing bacteria remains low. Osmosensing may thus represent a novel innate immune response to a common bacterial virulence strategy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.