ArticleNature genetics2006
Variation in factor B (BF) and complement component 2 (C2) genes is associated with age-related macular degeneration.
Article in Nature genetics, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 539 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
539 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,070 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of C-Reactive Protein Genetic Polymorphisms With Late Age-Related Macular Degeneration.JAMA ophthalmology · 2017Pooled it
- Protective coding variants in CFH and PELI3 and a variant near CTRB1 are associated with age-related macular degeneration†.Human molecular genetics · 2016Pooled it
- Association of coding and UTR variants in the known regions with wet age-related macular degeneration in Han Chinese population.Journal of human genetics · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Leukocytes and age-related macular degeneration.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- GOLDEN: Efficacy and Safety of Complement Factor B Antisense, Sefaxersen, in Geographic Atrophy due to Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Insights into the modulation of age-related macular degeneration: Molecular and systems-level perspectives.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Article
- Revisiting retinal and macular degeneration in the genomics era.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2026Review
- Associations of Host Genetics and Plasma Proteomics with Incident Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Persons with AIDS.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Comprehensive Prediction Analysis of Novel Noncoding Regulatory Variants Identified in the MicroRNA Binding Regions in Complement System Genes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Tissue-resident macrophages maintain choroidal homeostasis by complement dependent and independent mechanisms.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- A Multiplexed Quantitative Analysis of Germline Single Amino Acid Variants by Targeted Proteomics in Nondepleted Human Plasma.Journal of proteome research · 2026Article
- Five-Year Changes in Pachydrusen with Late-Phase Hyperfluorescence on Indocyanine Green Angiography.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Bioavailability of lutein following short-term consumption of raw vegetables and juice.Nutrition research and practice · 2026Article
- Complement regulatory proteins are associated with progression rate of geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2026Article
- Genetic Insights into Circulating Complement Proteins in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Potential Inflammatory Subgroup.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Molecular Crosstalk in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Integrating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, microRNAs, and Genetic Susceptibility Toward Precision Therapeutics.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- A new perspective on AMD pathogenesis: a sequential Factor H-centered view of complement dysregulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Dynamic changes in mRNA isoform usage during human retinal development.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Epigenetic Alterations in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Mechanisms and Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
479 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common form of irreversible blindness in developed countries. Variants in the factor H gene (CFH, also known as HF1), which encodes a major inhibitor of the alternative complement pathway, are associated with the risk for developing AMD. Here we test the hypothesis that variation in genes encoding other regulatory proteins of the same pathway is associated with AMD. We screened factor B (BF) and complement component 2 (C2) genes, located in the major histocompatibility complex class III region, for genetic variation in two independent cohorts comprising approximately 900 individuals with AMD and approximately 400 matched controls. Haplotype analyses identify a statistically significant common risk haplotype (H1) and two protective haplotypes. The L9H variant of BF and the E318D variant of C2 (H10), as well as a variant in intron 10 of C2 and the R32Q variant of BF (H7), confer a significantly reduced risk of AMD (odds ratio = 0.45 and 0.36, respectively). Combined analysis of the C2 and BF haplotypes and CFH variants shows that variation in the two loci can predict the clinical outcome in 74% of the affected individuals and 56% of the controls. These data expand and refine our understanding of the genetic risk for AMD.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.