ReviewExperimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.)2006
The immune system as a regulator of thyroid hormone activity.
Review in Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.), 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between periodontitis and hypothyroidism: A comprehensive review.The Journal of international medical research · 2025Review
- The platelet to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is associated with thyroid hormone abnormalities based on NHANES 2007 to 2012 data.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Investigating the association between hyperthyroidism and the risk of herpes zoster in a cohort study in Taiwan.BioMedicine · 2025Article
- The relationship between serum CTRP-5, C3a/desArg, and complement-C3 levels and hypothyroidism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.BMC endocrine disorders · 2024Article
- Local TSH/TSHR signaling promotes CD8Cancer communications (London, England) · 2024Article
- Effect of Hypothyroidism on Complications in Patients Undergoing TKA in Indian Population.Indian journal of orthopaedics · 2023Article
- Correlation between dynamic changes in free triiodothyronine levels and 90-day prognosis in patients with HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure.European journal of medical research · 2022Article
- The interplay of thyroid hormones and the immune system - where we stand and why we need to know about it.European journal of endocrinology · 2022Review
- Perspective: Drawing on Findings From Critical Illness to Explain Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Editorial: Crosstalk between thyroid hormones, analogs and ligands of integrin αvβ3 in health and disease. Who is talking now?Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Effectiveness Assessment of a Modified Preservation Solution Containing Thyrotropin or Follitropin Based on Biochemical Analysis in Perfundates and Homogenates of Isolated Porcine Kidneys after Static Cold Storage.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Enhancing oxygenation of patients with coronavirus disease 2019: Effects on immunity and other health-related conditions.World journal of clinical cases · 2021Review
- Thyrotrophin and thyroxine support immune homeostasis in humans.Immunology · 2021Article
- Gene signature and immune cell profiling by high-dimensional, single-cell analysis in COVID-19 patients, presenting Low T3 syndrome and coexistent hematological malignancies.Journal of translational medicine · 2021Article
- Hypothesis: Mechanisms That Prevent Recovery in Prolonged ICU Patients Also Underlie Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS).Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- Immunology of tissue homeostasis, ovarian cancer growth and regression, and long lasting cancer immune prophylaxis - review of literature.Histology and histopathology · 2021Review
- Dynamic Interactions Between the Immune System and the Neuroendocrine System in Health and Disease.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
- Theory: Treatments for Prolonged ICU Patients May Provide New Therapeutic Avenues for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS).Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- Reinterpreting patterns of variation in human thyroid function: An evolutionary ecology perspective.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2021Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
It has been known for decades that the neuroendocrine system can both directly and indirectly influence the developmental and functional activity of the immune system. In contrast, far less is known about the extent to which the immune system collaborates in the regulation of endocrine activity. This is particularly true for immune-endocrine interactions of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis. Although thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) can be produced by many types of extra-pituitary cells--including T cells, B cells, splenic dendritic cells, bone marrow hematopoietic cells, intestinal epithelial cells, and lymphocytes--the functional significance of those TSH pathways remains elusive and historically has been largely ignored from a research perspective. There is now, however, evidence linking cells of the immune system to the regulation of thyroid hormone activity in normal physiological conditions as well as during times of immunological stress. Although the mechanisms behind this are poorly understood, they appear to reflect a process of local intrathyroidal synthesis of TSH mediated by a population of bone marrow cells that traffic to the thyroid. This hitherto undescribed cell population has the potential to microregulate thyroid hormone secretion leading to critical alterations in metabolic activity independent of pituitary TSH output, and it has expansive implications for understanding mechanisms by which the immune system may act to modulate neuroendocrine function during times of host stress. In this article, the basic underpinnings of the hematopoietic-thyroid connection are described, and a model is presented in which the immune system participates in the regulation of thyroid hormone activity during acute infection.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.