ArticleAmerican journal of public health2006
An ecological study of tuberculosis transmission in California.
Article in American journal of public health, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epidemiological and Ecological Characterization of the EHEC O104:H4 Outbreak in Hamburg, Germany, 2011.PloS one · 2016Trial
- Socio-Demographic Predictors and Distribution of Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) in Xinjiang, China: A Spatial Analysis.PloS one · 2015Trial
- Comparing frequentist and Bayesian methods to identify drivers of pathogen strain invasion: A temporal case study of pertussis in the United States.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2026Article
- Characteristics of Plausible Source Cases Responsible for Recent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Transmission, United States, 2018-2022.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Associations Between Successful Home Discharge and Posthospitalization Care Planning: Cross-Sectional Ecological Study.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
- Ecological-level factors associated with tuberculosis incidence and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the National Tuberculosis Program and Tuberculosis Surveillance System, Jordan 2021.SAGE open medicine · 2024Article
- Area-Based Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Latent Tuberculosis Infection in a Low-Prevalence Setting.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- Association of Area-Based Socioeconomic Measures with Tuberculosis Incidence in California.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2023Article
- Making the invisible visible: the current face of tuberculosis in Detroit, Michigan, USA.Cities & health · 2022Article
- An Ecological Study of Tuberculosis Incidence in China, From 2002 to 2018.Frontiers in public health · 2021Article
- Association between economic development level and tuberculosis registered incidence in Shandong, China.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Finding gaps in TB notifications: spatial analysis of geographical patterns of TB notifications, associations with TB program efforts and social determinants of TB risk in Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Spatio-temporal analysis of socio-economic characteristics for pulmonary tuberculosis in Sichuan province of China, 2006-2015.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Social determinants of pulmonary tuberculosis in Brazil: an ecological study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2019Article
- Outlook for tuberculosis elimination in California: An individual-based stochastic model.PloS one · 2019Article
- Identifying socioeconomic, epidemiological and operational scenarios for tuberculosis control in Brazil: an ecological study.BMJ open · 2018Article
- Socio-Economic Predictors and Distribution of Tuberculosis Incidence in Beijing, China: A Study Using a Combination of Spatial Statistics and GIS Technology.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- Contemporary Social Disparities in TB Infection and Disease in the USA: a Review.Current epidemiology reports · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesWe evaluated the association between ecological factors and rates of tuberculosis within California, using pediatric tuberculosis as an indicator of new transmission.
methodsEcological variables such as racial/ethnic distribution, immigration level, education, employment, poverty, and crowding were obtained from the United States Census for each census tract in California. These data were incorporated into a negative binomial regression model with the rate of pediatric tuberculosis disease in each census tract as an outcome variable. Disease rates were obtained by geocoding reported cases. Subsections of the state (San Francisco and Los Angeles) were examined independently.
resultsCensus tracts with lower median incomes, more racial/ethnic minorities, and more immigrants had higher rates of pediatric tuberculosis. Other frequently cited risk factors such as overcrowding and unemployment were not associated with increased disease after adjusting for other measures. Risks were comparable across regions, but subtle differences were noted.
conclusionsThe techniques used in this work provide a way to examine a disease within its social context. The results confirmed that tuberculosis in California continues to be a disease of poverty and racial/ethnic minorities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.