ArticleJournal of biology2006
Global analysis of X-chromosome dosage compensation.
Article in Journal of biology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 194 papers.
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Who cites it
194 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mixed Evidence that Dosage Sensitive Genes Drive Global Dosage Compensation in Flour Beetles.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- The role of m6A RNA methylation in the maintenance of X chromosome inactivation and X-to-autosome dosage compensation in early embryonic lineages.Stem cell reports · 2026Article
- X-chromosome upregulation operates on a gene-by-gene basis at RNA and protein levels.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Repeated Evolution of Transcript Dosage Compensation of Independently Formed Nematode Neo-X Chromosomes.Genome biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Dynamics of X chromosome hyper-expression and inactivation in male tissues during stick insect development.PLoS genetics · 2025Article
- Sex Chromosome Dosage Compensation in Insects.Insects · 2025Review
- Lineage-specific dynamics of loss of X upregulation during inactive-X reactivation.Stem cell reports · 2024Article
- Compensation of gene dosage on the mammalian X.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2024Review
- The Scorpionfly (Panorpa cognata) Genome Highlights Conserved and Derived Features of the Peculiar Dipteran X Chromosome.Molecular biology and evolution · 2023Article
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- Dosage Compensation inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Dosage Compensation of the X Chromosome during Sheep Testis Development Revealed by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Single-cell analysis reveals X upregulation is not global in pre-gastrulation embryos.iScience · 2022Article
- Modulation of RNA stability regulates gene expression in two opposite ways: through buffering of RNA levels upon global perturbations and by supporting adapted differential expression.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- The Role of Epigenetics in Primary Biliary Cholangitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Elastic dosage compensation by X-chromosome upregulation.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Dosage compensation inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Single-molecule long-read sequencing reveals the potential impact of posttranscriptional regulation on gene dosage effects on the avian Z chromosome.BMC genomics · 2022Article
- Mammalian X-chromosome inactivation: proposed role in suppression of the male programme in genetic females.Journal of genetics · 2022Article
134 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDrosophila melanogaster females have two X chromosomes and two autosome sets (XX;AA), while males have a single X chromosome and two autosome sets (X;AA). Drosophila male somatic cells compensate for a single copy of the X chromosome by deploying male-specific-lethal (MSL) complexes that increase transcription from the X chromosome. Male germ cells lack MSL complexes, indicating that either germline X-chromosome dosage compensation is MSL-independent, or that germ cells do not carry out dosage compensation.
resultsTo investigate whether dosage compensation occurs in germ cells, we directly assayed X-chromosome transcripts using DNA microarrays and show equivalent expression in XX;AA and X;AA germline tissues. In X;AA germ cells, expression from the single X chromosome is about twice that of a single autosome. This mechanism ensures balanced X-chromosome expression between the sexes and, more importantly, it ensures balanced expression between the single X chromosome and the autosome set. Oddly, the inactivation of an X chromosome in mammalian females reduces the effective X-chromosome dose and means that females face the same X-chromosome transcript deficiency as males. Contrary to most current dosage-compensation models, we also show increased X-chromosome expression in X;AA and XX;AA somatic cells of Caenorhabditis elegans and mice.
conclusionDrosophila germ cells compensate for X-chromosome dose. This occurs by equilibrating X-chromosome and autosome expression in X;AA cells. Increased expression of the X chromosome in X;AA individuals appears to be phylogenetically conserved.
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