Evidence map›Paper›PMID 16505358›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2006

Sodium channel genes and the evolution of diversity in communication signals of electric fishes: convergent molecular evolution.

Harold H Zakon, Ying Lu, Derrick J Zwickl, David M Hillis

Open access · greenAbstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
76citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
12.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

76 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 157 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. The genetic foundations of convergent traits.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
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  9. Model organisms and systems in neuroethology: one hundred years of history and a look into the future.Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology · 2024
    Review
  10. Article
  11. A chromosome-level genome of electric catfish (Marine life science & technology · 2024
    Article
  12. Article
  13. A homology guide for Pacific salmon genusEcology and evolution · 2023
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Review

16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Harold H ZakonSection of Neurobiology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA. h.zakon@mail.utexas.edu
Ying Lu
Derrick J Zwickl
David M Hillis
Institute of Neurobiology · BGThe University of Texas at Austin · US

Funding

HORMONAL MODULATION OF A COMMUNICATION SIGNALR01NS025513 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AUSTIN · PI ZAKON, HAROLD H · 1989 to 2007
$2.6M
NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS025513
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We investigated whether the evolution of electric organs and electric signal diversity in two independently evolved lineages of electric fishes was accompanied by convergent changes on the molecular level. We found that a sodium channel gene (Na(v)1.4a) that is expressed in muscle in nonelectric fishes has lost its expression in muscle and is expressed instead in the evolutionarily novel electric organ in both lineages of electric fishes. This gene appears to be evolving under positive selection in both lineages, facilitated by its restricted expression in the electric organ. This view is reinforced by the lack of evidence for selection on this gene in one electric species in which expression of this gene is retained in muscle. Amino acid replacements occur convergently in domains that influence channel inactivation, a key trait for shaping electric communication signals. Some amino acid replacements occur at or adjacent to sites at which disease-causing mutations have been mapped in human sodium channel genes, emphasizing that these replacements occur in functionally important domains. Selection appears to have acted on the final step in channel inactivation, but complementarily on the inactivation "ball" in one lineage, and its receptor site in the other lineage. Thus, changes in the expression and sequence of the same gene are associated with the independent evolution of signal complexity.

Indexed as

Evolution, MolecularAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsElectric FishElectric OrganFishesGymnotiformesHumansMolecular Sequence DataPhylogenySequence Homology, Amino AcidSignal TransductionSodium ChannelsSpecies SpecificitySodium Channels

Identifiers

PMID16505358
PMCPMC1450141
OpenAlexW2107781114

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.