ArticleBMC plant biology2006
Phylogenetic diversification of glycogen synthase kinase 3/SHAGGY-like kinase genes in plants.
Article in BMC plant biology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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32 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Inhibition of the Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Family by the Bikinin Alleviates the Long-Term Effects of Salinity in Barley.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Genome-Wide Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of GSK Genes in Maize and Elucidation of Their General Role in Interaction with BZR1.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Branching out underground: brassinosteroid signaling promotes lateral root development in rice.Plant physiology · 2022Article
- Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the GSK gene family in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).Molecular biology reports · 2022Article
- A glycogen synthase kinase 3-like kinase MpGSK regulates cell differentiation inPlant biotechnology (Tokyo, Japan) · 2022Article
- Glycogen synthase kinases in model and crop plants - From negative regulators of brassinosteroid signaling to multifaceted hubs of various signaling pathways and modulators of plant reproduction and yield.Frontiers in plant science · 2022Review
- Phosphorylation of plant virus proteins: Analysis methods and biological functions.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Brassinazole Resistant 1 Activity Is Organ-Specific and Genotype-Dependent in Barley Seedlings.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Functional Characterization ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Exploring the Brassinosteroid Signaling in Monocots Reveals Novel Components of the Pathway and Implications for Plant Breeding.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Genome-wide characterization and phylogenetic analysis of GSK gene family in three species of cotton: evidence for a role of some GSKs in fiber development and responses to stress.BMC plant biology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)/SHAGGY-like kinases (GSKs) are non-receptor serine/threonine protein kinases that are involved in a variety of biological processes. In contrast to the two members of the GSK3 family in mammals, plants appear to have a much larger set of divergent GSK genes. Plant GSKs are encoded by a multigene family; analysis of the Arabidopsis genome revealed the existence of 10 GSK genes that fall into four major groups. Here we characterized the structure of Arabidopsis and rice GSK genes and conducted the first broad phylogenetic analysis of the plant GSK gene family, covering a taxonomically diverse array of algal and land plant sequences.
resultsWe found that the structure of GSK genes is generally conserved in Arabidopsis and rice, although we documented examples of exon expansion and intron loss. Our phylogenetic analyses of 139 sequences revealed four major clades of GSK genes that correspond to the four subgroups initially recognized in Arabidopsis. ESTs from basal angiosperms were represented in all four major clades; GSK homologs from the basal angiosperm Persea americana (avocado) appeared in all four clades. Gymnosperm sequences occurred in clades I, III, and IV, and a sequence of the red alga Porphyra was sister to all green plant sequences.
conclusionOur results indicate that (1) the plant-specific GSK gene lineage was established early in the history of green plants, (2) plant GSKs began to diversify prior to the origin of extant seed plants, (3) three of the four major clades of GSKs present in Arabidopsis and rice were established early in the evolutionary history of extant seed plants, and (4) diversification into four major clades (as initially reported in Arabidopsis) occurred either just prior to the origin of the angiosperms or very early in angiosperm history.
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