ArticleInfection and immunity2006
TprK sequence diversity accumulates during infection of rabbits with Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum Nichols strain.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Development and utilization ofmBio · 2025Article
- Development and utilization ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Longitudinal Variations in theMicrobiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Review
- Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum with an Artificially impaired TprK antigenic variation system is attenuated in the Rabbit model of syphilis.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Syphilis vaccine: challenges, controversies and opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Characterization of Treponema denticola Major Surface Protein (Msp) by Deletion Analysis and Advanced Molecular Modeling.Journal of bacteriology · 2022Article
- Longitudinal TprK profiling of in vivo and in vitro-propagated Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum reveals accumulation of antigenic variants in absence of immune pressure.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Comparative genomics and full-length Tprk profiling of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum reinfection.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
- Successful isolation of Treponema pallidum strains from patients' cryopreserved ulcer exudate using the rabbit model.PloS one · 2020Article
- Article
- Profile of the tprK gene in primary syphilis patients based on next-generation sequencing.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
- Immunotopological Analysis of theJournal of bacteriology · 2019Article
- Complete genome sequences of two strains of Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue from Indonesia: Modular structure of several treponemal genes.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2018Article
- New Tools for Syphilis Research.mBio · 2018Article
- Syphilis.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2017Review
- The immunological response to syphilis differs by HIV status; a prospective observational cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Genome-scale analysis of the non-cultivable Treponema pallidum reveals extensive within-patient genetic variation.Nature microbiology · 2016Article
- Characterizing the Syphilis-Causing Treponema pallidum ssp. pallidum Proteome Using Complementary Mass Spectrometry.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The tprK gene in Treponema pallidum undergoes antigenic variation. In all T. pallidum isolates examined to date, except the Nichols type strain, heterogeneous tprK sequences have been identified. This heterogeneity is localized to seven variable (V) regions, and tprK sequence diversity accumulates with serial passage in naïve rabbits. The T. pallidum Nichols genome described a single tprK sequence, and after decades of independent passage, only minor tprK sequence diversity is seen among the Nichols strains from different laboratories. We hypothesized that T. pallidum Nichols is capable of only limited tprK diversification. To address this hypothesis, we passaged the T. pallidum Nichols strain in naïve rabbits at the peak of infection (rapid passage) or after the adaptive immune response had cleared most organisms in vivo (slow passage). After 22 rapid passages (9- to 10-day intervals), no tprK V region sequence changes were observed. In contrast, after two slow passages (30- to 35-day intervals), three V regions had sequences that were completely different from that of the original inoculum. New sequences were observed in all seven V regions by the fifth slow passage. In contrast to the rapid-passaged Nichols strain, rapid-passaged Chicago C, a clonal strain isolated from the highly diverse parent Chicago strain, developed significant tprK diversification. These findings suggest that tprK variation can occur, but at a lower rate, in Nichols and that immune pressure may be required for accumulation of bacteria with diverse tprK sequences. Adaptation to growth in rabbits may explain the limited repertoire of V region sequences seen in the Nichols strain.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.