ReviewEmerging infectious diseases2006
Cell-mediated protection in influenza infection.
Review in Emerging infectious diseases, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 238 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
238 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pneumococcal colonization impairs mucosal immune responses to live attenuated influenza vaccine.JCI insight · 2021Trial
- Influenza vaccine-mediated protection in older adults: Impact of influenza infection, cytomegalovirus serostatus and vaccine dosage.Experimental gerontology · 2018Trial
- The Effects of Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine on Nasopharyngeal Bacteria in Healthy 2 to 4 Year Olds. A Randomized Controlled Trial.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2016Trial
- Nine μg intradermal influenza vaccine and 15 μg intramuscular influenza vaccine induce similar cellular and humoral immune responses in adults.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2014Trial
- Transdermal Delivery of an mRNA-Liposome Vaccine via Dissolving Microneedle to Preserve Vaccine Activity and Enhance Immune Activation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- CD27 and ICOS as Targets of PD-1/PD-L1 Signaling to Regulate Resident Memory CD8Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Highly Conserved Influenza A Nucleoprotein as a Target for Broad-Spectrum Intervention: Characterization of a Monoclonal Antibody with Pan-Influenza Reactivity.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
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- Inflammatory conditions shape phenotypic and functional characteristics of lung-resident memory T cells in mice.Nature communications · 2025Article
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- Preexisting vaccine-primed heterosubtypic T cell immunity protects the maternal-fetal unit from adverse influenza outcomes in mice.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- T cell immunity to seasonal Influenza A and H5N1 viruses in laboratory workers receiving annual seasonal Influenza vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Global research trends in the relationship between influenza and CD4Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Identification and relative abundance of naturally presented and cross-reactive influenza A virus MHC class I-restricted T cell epitopes.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- A nonadjuvanted HLA-restricted peptide vaccine induced both T and B cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Single-cell analysis reveals lasting immunological consequences of influenza infection and respiratory immunization in the pig lung.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Evaluation of immunogenicity and protective efficacy of bacteriophage conjugated haemagglutinin based subunit vaccine against equine influenza virus in a murine model.Veterinary research communications · 2024Article
- Mucosal vaccine-induced cross-reactive CD8Nature immunology · 2024Article
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178 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Current vaccine strategies against influenza focus on generating robust antibody responses. Because of the high degree of antigenic drift among circulating influenza strains over the course of a year, vaccine strains must be reformulated specifically for each influenza season. The time delay from isolating the pandemic strain to large-scale vaccine production would be detrimental in a pandemic situation. A vaccine approach based on cell-mediated immunity that avoids some of these drawbacks is discussed here. Specifically, cell-mediated responses typically focus on peptides from internal influenza proteins, which are far less susceptible to antigenic variation. We review the literature on the role of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity in influenza infection and the available data on the role of these responses in protection from highly pathogenic influenza infection. We discuss the advantages of developing a vaccine based on cell-mediated immune responses toward highly pathogenic influenza virus and potential problems arising from immune pressure.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.