ArticleMediators of inflammation2005
Intermediate stage complex regional pain syndrome type 1 is unrelated to proinflammatory cytokines.
Article in Mediators of inflammation, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inflammation in complex regional pain syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurology · 2013Pooled it
- Effect of Prednisolone on Clinical and Cytokine mRNA Profiling in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2024Trial
- Comparison of tonic spinal cord stimulation, high-frequency and burst stimulation in patients with complex regional pain syndrome: a double-blind, randomised placebo controlled trial.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2015Trial
- Elevated Serum Soluble CD163 Indicates Macrophage Activation: A Potential Biomarker for Inflammation in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome?Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain · 2026Article
- Diagnostic Criteria and Technical Evaluation of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Narrative Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- An Integrative Review of Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Clinical and Molecular Barriers to Understanding the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS).International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Transient immune activation without loss of intraepidermal innervation and associated Schwann cells in patients with complex regional pain syndrome.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Meta-Analysis of Effectiveness and Safety of Botulinum Toxin in the Treatment of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- IL-6 signaling mediates the germinal center response, IgM production and nociceptive sensitization in male mice after tibia fracture.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2021Article
- Bradykinin Receptors Play a Critical Role in the Chronic Post-ischaemia Pain Model.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2021Article
- Article
- The Rodent Tibia Fracture Model: A Critical Review and Comparison With the Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Literature.The journal of pain · 2018Review
- Neurogenic inflammation in fibromyalgia.Seminars in immunopathology · 2018Review
- Neuropeptide regulation of adaptive immunity in the tibia fracture model of complex regional pain syndrome.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2018Article
- Article
- Bisphosphonates Inhibit Pain, Bone Loss, and Inflammation in a Rat Tibia Fracture Model of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.Anesthesia and analgesia · 2016Article
- New Concepts in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.Hand clinics · 2016Review
- Acute versus chronic phase mechanisms in a rat model of CRPS.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2016Article
- Neurogenic neuroinflammation in fibromyalgia and complex regional pain syndrome.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to determine the involvement of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin (IL)-6 in intermediate CRPS 1 as locally formed mediators of inflammation. In this study, 25 patients with proven CRPS 1 (Bruehl criteria) were included. All patients participated in one of our earlier studies during the acute stage of their disease. After the disease developed into an intermediate stage, both the disease activity and the profile of inflammatory mediators were reevaluated. Disease activity and impairment were determined by means of a visual analogue scale, the McGill Pain Questionnaire, the difference in volume and temperature between the involved and uninvolved extremities, and the reduction in active range of motion of the involved extremity. Suction blisters were made on the involved and uninvolved extremities for measurement of IL-6 and TNF-alpha. A significant improvement in signs and symptoms of impairment was found. However, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in blister fluid in the involved extremity versus uninvolved extremity were still significantly raised. Although signs and symptoms are significantly improved, proinflammatory cytokines are still increased in CRPS 1 affected extremities during the intermediate stage of the disease. This indicates that the initiation and sustained development of the disease are only partially affected by proinflammatory cytokines. Follow-up in the chronic stage is necessary to draw more definite conclusions about the existence of a supposed relation between clinical signs and symptoms and the level of proinflammatory cytokines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.