ArticleClinical and experimental immunology2006
T cell-mediated oral tolerance is intact in germ-free mice.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut mucosal immune responses - Implications for celiac disease and food allergy.Seminars in immunology · 2025Review
- Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis vector delivering a dual-antigen expression cassette provides mouse cross-protection against Streptococcus suis serotypes 2, 7, 9, and 1/2.Veterinary research · 2022Article
- A Single-Dose Intramuscular Nanoparticle Vaccine With or Without Prior Intrauterine Priming Triggers Specific Uterine and Colostral Mucosal Antibodies and Systemic Immunity in Gilts but Not Passive Protection for Suckling Piglets.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Self and microbiota-derived epitopes induce CD4Mucosal immunology · 2021Article
- Innate immunity in allergy.Allergy · 2019Review
- Intestinal Macromolecular Transport Supporting Adaptive Immunity.Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology · 2019Review
- Antigen-specific Treg cells in immunological tolerance: implications for allergic diseases.F1000Research · 2018Review
- Murine models for mucosal tolerance in allergy.Seminars in immunology · 2017Review
- Intestinal microbiota modulates gluten-induced immunopathology in humanized mice.The American journal of pathology · 2015Article
- New developments providing mechanistic insight into the impact of the microbiota on allergic disease.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2015Review
- Regulation of lung immunity and host defense by the intestinal microbiota.Frontiers in microbiology · 2015Review
- Oral tolerance to food protein.Mucosal immunology · 2012Review
- Rectal administration of lipopolysaccharide and ovalbumin ameliorates acute murine colitis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2011Article
- Oral tolerance.Immunological reviews · 2011Review
- Article
- Innate immune responses to human rotavirus in the neonatal gnotobiotic piglet disease model.Immunology · 2010Article
- Intestinal bacteria and the regulation of immune cell homeostasis.Annual review of immunology · 2010Review
- Effect of intestinal microbiota on the induction of regulatory CD25+ CD4+ T cells.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2008Article
- Oral tolerance.Immunological reviews · 2005Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Commensal enteric bacteria stimulate innate immune cells and increase numbers of lamina propria and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) T and B lymphocytes. However, the influence of luminal bacteria on acquired immune function is not understood fully. We investigated the effects of intestinal bacterial colonization on T cell tolerogenic responses to oral antigen compared to systemic immunization. Lymphocytes specific for ovalbumin-T cell receptor (OVA-TCR Tg(+)) were transplanted into germ-free (GF) or specific pathogen-free (SPF) BALB/c mice. Recipient mice were fed OVA or immunized subcutaneously with OVA peptide (323-339) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Although the efficiency of transfer was less in GF recipients, similar proportions of cells from draining peripheral lymph node (LN) or MLN were proliferating 3-4 days later in vivo in GF and SPF mice. In separate experiments, mice were fed tolerogenic doses of OVA and then challenged with an immunogenic dose of OVA 4 days later. Ten days after immunization, lymphocytes were restimulated with OVA in vitro to assess antigen-specific proliferative responses. At both high and low doses of OVA, cells from both SPF and GF mice fed OVA prior to immunization had decreased proliferation compared to cells from control SPF or GF mice. In addition, secretion of interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-10 by OVA-TCR Tg(+) lymphocytes was reduced in both SPF and GF mice fed OVA compared to control SPF or GF mice. Unlike previous reports indicating defective humoral responses to oral antigen in GF mice, our results indicate that commensal enteric bacteria do not enhance the induction of acquired, antigen-specific T cell tolerance to oral OVA.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.